TABLE 1.
The changes of B cells in adult patients with sepsis.
| Year/Authors | Subjects | Testing time | Main findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hotchkiss et al. (2001) | 27 sepsis patients 8, non-sepsis patients | postmortem | Splenic B cells were reduced in patients with sepsis, and the loss of B cells was more severe with a prolonged course of sepsis | Hotchkiss et al. (2001) |
| Holub et al. (2003) | 32 sepsis patients 34 healthy controls | Day 1, 3, 7, and 14 after admission | B-cell counts were not changed in sepsis patients, but decreased B-cell counts on days 3 and 7 were associated with nosocomial infections | Holub et al. (2003) |
| Gogos et al. (2010) | 505 sepsis patients | Within 24 h after diagnosis | Absolute B-cell counts were lower in patients with severe sepsis/shock compared to sepsis; B-cell counts within 24 h of diagnosis in patients correlate with infectious pathogens | Gogos et al. (2010) |
| Venet et al. (2010) | 21 septic shock patients | Within 2 h after diagnosis and the next 48 h | B-cell numbers were reduced within 48 h | Venet et al. (2010) |
| Andaluz-Ojeda et al. (2011) | 50 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock | Day 1, 3, and 10 after admission | Non-survivors had decreased B cell numbers on both days 3 and 7, but not significantly compared with survivors | Andaluz-Ojeda et al. (2011) |
| Monserrat et al. (2013) | 52 septic shock patients 36 healthy controls | On the day of admission and 3, 7, 14, and 28 days later | The counts of CD23+ B cells and CD5+ B cells were reduced, while the proportion of CD23+ B cells and CD69+ B cells is increased at ICU admission. The absolute counts of CD40+ B cells were decreased and the percentages of CD95+ and CD80+ B cells were increased in non-surviving patients | Monserrat et al. (2013) |
| Suzuki et al. (2016) | 33 severe sepsis patients, 44 healthy controls | Within 72 h after diagnosis and at 8–11 days later | Naive B-cell populations were reduced in chronic sepsis patients compared with HCs and acute sepsis patients; the percentage of CD21-/low B cells was increased in sepsis patients | Suzuki et al. (2016) |
| Shankar-Hari et al. (2017a) | 101 sepsis patients | On the day of admission | The proportions of plasmablasts, IgM memory B cells, and class-switched memory B cells were reduced; B-cell apoptosis was highest in the memory subsets | Shankar-Hari et al. (2017a) |
| Gustave et al. (2018) | 138 septic shock patients 48 healthy controls | Day 1, 2, and 6 after diagnosis | B-cell counts decreased but the percentage increased; a strong decrease in HLA-DR expression appeared on day 1 and persisted through day 6; the proportion of CD21low CD95high B cells was increased | Gustave et al. (2018) |
| Wilson et al. (2018) | 22 sepsis patients 11 healthy controls | Within 12 h of ICU admission | Higher percentages of PD-1 and PD-L1 in CD27+ and CD27− B cells and higher percentages of PD-L2 in CD27+ B cells in sepsis | Wilson et al. (2018) |
| Brinkhoff et al. (2019) | 20 healthy volunteers (LPS or placebo injection) | Up to 72 h after injection | At 3 h after LPS injection, the absolute numbers of B cells decreased, while the relative proportions of naive B cells and plasmablasts increased, and the percentage of memory B cells decreased | Brinkhoff et al. (2019) |
| Dong et al. (2020) | 33 septic shock patients 10 healthy controls | Day 1, 3, and 7 | Patients with septic shock had lower immature transitional (IM) B cells and resting memory (RM) B cell counts, higher percentages of tissue-like memory B and activated memory B cells, and lower percentages of IM B and RM B cells | Dong et al. (2020) |
| Duan et al. (2020) | 40 sepsis patients | Within 24 h of the onset and 24 h later | Non-survivors had lower numbers of B and Tfh cells, and the main difference in subpopulations was not naive B cells, but mature B cells | Duan et al. (2020) |