TABLE 2.

The changes of B cells in Children and elderly patients with sepsis.

Year/Authors	Subjects	Testing time	Main findings	References
Hotoura et al. (2011)	Full-term neonates; 25 sepsis patients 20, suspected infection 50, controls	Before treatment, 2 days after treatment, 48 h after treatment stops	The percentage of B cells in sepsis group and suspected group was higher than that in control group before and 2 days after treatment; the percentage of B cells in sepsis group remained unchanged before and after treatment	Hotoura et al. (2011)
Hotoura et al. (2012)	Preterm neonates; 17 sepsis patients 25, suspected infection 40, controls	Before treatment, 2 days after treatment, 48 h after treatment stops	Before treatment, the percentage of B cells in sepsis group was higher than that in control group; the percentage of B cells in sepsis group after 48 h of treatment was lower than that before treatment	Hotoura et al. (2012)
Pan et al. (2016)	30 neonatal sepsis, numbers of controls: not provided	Not provided	The percentage of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg cells and IL-10-producing Breg cells in sepsis patients was significantly higher than that in controls	Pan et al. (2016)
Duan et al. (2020)	16 neonatal sepsis 20, controls	Day 7, 14, and 21 after diagnosis	The number and frequency of B cells increased on day 7 and 14, and returned to normal on day 21, among which IL-10-producing transitional B cells are the main elevating B cell subset.	Duan et al. (2020)
Remy et al. (2018)	26 pediatric septic shock, 30 controls	Day 1–2, 3–5, and 7–9 after the onset	The absolute B-cell count in children with sepsis decreased slightly	Remy et al. (2018)
Wang et al. (2017)	58 elderly sepsis	Day 1, 3, and 7 after diagnosis	The percentage of CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg in the death group was lower than that in the survivor group	Wang et al. (2017)