Table 2.
Participants’ anthropometric and clinical baseline characteristics by group.
| Characteristics | Intervention group (n = 21) | Control group (n = 20) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | M ± SD | Median | Range | N (%) | M ± SD | Median | Range | |
| Recruitment | ||||||||
| Age at recruitment (years) | 21 (100) | 10.2 ± 4.2 | 10.1 | 4.4–17.1 | 20 (100) | 9.7 ± 3.9 | 9.2 | 4.3–17.5 |
| Days post-diagnosis | 21 (100) | 14.7 ± 9.1 | 13.0 | 3–49 | 20 (100) | 15.6 ± 11.4 | 11.5 | 4–52 |
| Gender and age (years) | ||||||||
| Male | 15 (71) | 10.4 ± 4.0 | 10.8 | 4.4–16.1 | 12 (60) | 9.6 ± 3.8 | 9.2 | 5.2–17.5 |
| Female | 6 (29) | 9.6 ± 5.0 | 7.2 | 4.4–17.1 | 8 (40) | 9.9 ± 4.2 | 9.7 | 4.3–15.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21 (100) | 17.2 ± 3.3 | 15.8 | 13.3–23.9 | 20 (100) | 17.0 ± 4.8 | 16.0 | 12.1–35.1 |
| BMI z-scorea | 21 (100) | −0.3 ± 0.9 | −0.3 | −2.2 to 1.4 | 20 (100) | 0.5 ± 1.5 | −0.4 | −3.5 to 3.1 |
| Tumor type and age (years) | ||||||||
| ALL | 11 (52) | 9.5 ± 4.6 | 8.5 | 4.4–17.1 | 14 (70) | 8.5 ± 3.3 | 8.0 | 4.3–15.7 |
| AML | 1 (5) | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 3 (15) | 12.4 ± 2.5 | 11.1 | 10.8–15.3 |
| NHL | 9 (43) | 10.3 ± 3.5 | 12.0 | 6.1–15.4 | 3 (15) | 13.1 ± 5.2 | 14.5 | 7.3–17.5 |
| Second primary cancerb | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | ||||||
| Treatment c | ||||||||
| Chemotherapy | 21 (100) | 20 (100) | ||||||
| Radiation therapy | 1 (5) | 2 (10) | ||||||
| Allogeneic HSCT | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | ||||||
| Medical braced | 0 (0) | 4 (20) | ||||||
ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; N, number; BMI, body mass index; kg, kilogram; m2, square meter; mg, milligram. Gender-, age-, and disease-related information were determined from hospital records.
BMI z-score was calculated using gender- and age-adjusted reference values (36).
Participants who were diagnosed with a second primary cancer >5 years after the first treatment: n = 1 ALL → NHL after 15 years; n = 1 NHL → different NHL type after 8 years. The participants had completely recovered and had no limitations or long-term effects of the primary tumor.
Characteristics on treatment methods refer to the entire study course.
Medical brace in the course of treatment was necessary in cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in four participants. This limited the upper body mobility during the assessment. The exercise intervention implementation was not restricted.