Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of CSS of patients with NSCLC.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age | 1.06 (1.05–1.09) | <0.001* | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | <0.001* |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Male | 1.40 (1.37–1.44) | <0.001* | 1.23 (1.20–1.27) | <0.001* |
| Race | ||||
| White | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Black | 1.16 (1.12–1.20) | <0.001* | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.105 |
| Other** | 0.83 (0.79–0.87) | <0.001* | 0.73 (0.70–0.77) | <0.001* |
| Histology | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Squamous carcinoma | 1.22 (1.18–1.26) | <0.001* | 1.21 (1.17–1.25) | <0.001* |
| Large cell lung cancer | 1.55 (1.44–1.48) | <0.001* | 1.50 (1.38–1.62) | <0.001* |
| Other lung cancer | 1.72 (1.65–1.79) | <0.001* | 1.31 (1.26–1.37) | <0.001* |
| Site | ||||
| Upper lobe | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Middle lobe | 0.86 (0.80–0.91) | <0.001* | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.269 |
| Lower lobe | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | <0.001* | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.125 |
| Main bronchus | 1.69 (1.60–1.78) | <0.001* | 1.18 (1.12–1.25) | <0.001* |
| Overlapping | 1.19 (1.06–1.33) | 0.004* | 1.23 (1.09–1.38) | 0.001* |
| Non–specified | 1.90 (1.82–1.99) | <0.001* | 1.14 (1.09–1.19) | <0.001* |
| Laterality | ||||
| Right | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Left | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | 0.355 | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.399 |
| Bilateral | 1.99 (1.79–2.21) | <0.001* | 0.92 (0.82–1.02) | 0.124 |
| TNM stage | ||||
| IA | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| IB | 1.89 (1.68–2.13) | <0.001* | 2.03 (1.80–2.28) | <0.001* |
| IIA | 2.73 (2.41–3.09) | <0.001* | 3.46 (3.06–3.92) | <0.001* |
| IIB | 3.68 (3.27–4.13) | <0.001* | 4.11 (3.65–4.62) | <0.001* |
| IIIA | 6.430 (5.87–7.04) | <0.001* | 6.08 (5.53–6.70) | <0.001* |
| IIIB | 9.970 (9.07–10.060) | <0.001* | 7.78 (7.02–8.61) | <0.001* |
| IV | 17.57 (16.14–19.13) | <0.001* | 14.07 (12.82–15.43) | <0.001* |
| Insurance status | ||||
| Insured | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Medicaid | 1.43 (1.39–1.47) | <0.001* | 1.18 (1.15–1.22) | <0.001* |
| Uninsured | 1.65 (1.58–1.73) | <0.001* | 1.21 (1.15–1.27) | <0.001* |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Single | 1.31 (1.27–1.35) | <0.001* | 1.11 (1.08–1.15) | <0.001* |
| Divorced | 1.21 (1.16–1.250) | <0.001* | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | <0.001* |
| Widowed | 1.13 (1.06–1.19) | <0.001* | 1.11 (1.04–1.18) | 0.001* |
| Country % with bachelor degree | ||||
| 7.64–22.82% | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| 22.83–31.23% | 0.93 (089–0.96) | <0.001* | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.041* |
| 31.24%−39.07% | 0.86 (0.83–0.90) | <0.001* | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) | <0.001* |
| 39.08–57.51% | 0.78 (0.75–0.81) | <0.001* | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) | <0.001* |
| Country–level median household income*** | ||||
| 19.26–45.37 K | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| 45.38– 56.20 K | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | <0.001* | 0.92 (0.89–0.96) | <0.001* |
| 56.21–66.40 K | 0.82 (0.79–0.860) | <0.001* | 0.84 (0.80–0.89) | <0.001* |
| 66.41–110.97K | 0.77 (0.74–0.80) | <0.001* | 0.75 (0.71–0.78) | <0.001* |
| Country % with employed | ||||
| 1.29–5.8% | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| 5.81–7.06% | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.146 | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 0.477 |
| 7.07–8.53% | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.663 | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 0.003* |
| 8.54–17.16% | 1.14 (1.10–1.18) | <0.001* | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.331 |
| Surgery | ||||
| No surgery | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Surgery | 0.14 (0.13–0.14) | <0.001* | 0.35 (0.33–0.37) | <0.001* |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 | 1 (Reference) | 1 |
| Yes | 1.40 (1.36–1.44) | <0.001* | 0.50 (0.48–0.51) | <0.001* |
CSS, cancer-specific survival; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.
*
Indicates significance of P < 0.05.
**
Indicates American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander and unknown.
***
Shown in US dollars.