Table 1.

Socioeconomic High-resolution Rural-Urban Geographic data sets used for geospatial analysis of association of contextual factors with health in Bihar, India*

Title	Description	Data year used in the study
Population Census data (1991-2011)	Extensive demographics and a detailed listing of public goods for all towns and villages in India for the years 1991, 2001, and 2011.	2011
All-India Forest Cover (Vegetation Continuous Fields) (2000-2019)	Forest cover data derived from tree cover measured at 250-m resolution by Vegetarian Continuous Fields, a MODIS product, from 2000-2019. A machine-learning algorithm derived from broad spectrum satellite images and trained with human-categorised data predicted VCF. It can distinguish between crops, plantations, and primary forest cover.	2014
All-India Night Lights (1994-2013)	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) gridded night lights data, available annually from 1992-2013, were matched to village and town polygons and aggregated into totals and means. Estimates were calibrated for consistency among all years. Night lighting is often used as a proxy for economic activity when time series data on this is unavailable.	2013
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana	Administrative data on national rural road construction at the village-level. Includes road completion dates, completion time, costs, overruns, construction materials, and beyond.	2011

*Adapted from “Available Data” by the Data Development Laboratory, 2020, (http://www.devdatalab.org/shrug_download/).