Table 3.
Description of the sample (n=197, % of total) in individuals; comorbidities and risk factors
| Female (n) | % | Male (n) | % | Total (n) | % | P value* | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | 60 | 30.5 | 50 | 25.4 | 110 | 55.8 | |
| Heart failure | 25 | 12.7 | 11 | 5.6 | 36 | 18.3 | p=0.044 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 13 | 6.6 | 10 | 5.1 | 23 | 11.7 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 37 | 18.8 | 24 | 12.2 | 61 | 31.0 | |
| Respiratory condition | 27 | 13.7 | 11 | 5.6 | 38 | 19.3 | |
| Cancer | 14 | 7.1 | 14 | 7.1 | 28 | 14.2 | |
| Mental health condition | 9 | 4.6 | 9 | 4.6 | 18 | 9.1 | |
| Dementia/memory disorder | 25 | 12.7 | 9 | 4.6 | 34 | 17.3 | p=0.013 |
| Diabetes | 30 | 15.2 | 47 | 23.9 | 77 | 39.1 | p<0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 16 | 8.1 | 24 | 12.2 | 40 | 20.3 | p=0.042 |
| Kidney malfunction | 12 | 6.1 | 15 | 7.6 | 27 | 13.7 | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 15 | 7.6 | 6 | 3.0 | 21 | 10.7 | p=0.091 |
| Liver malfunction | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 3.0 | 6 | 3.0 | p=0.007 |
| Spinal stenosis | 5 | 2.5 | 3 | 1.5 | 8 | 4.1 | |
| Gout | 3 | 1.5 | 8 | 4.1 | 11 | 5.6 | p=0.064 |
| Haematological condition | 5 | 2.5 | 6 | 3.0 | 11 | 5.6 | |
| Chronic pain disorder | 2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.0 | |
| Urinary condition | 4 | 2.0 | 10 | 5.1 | 14 | 7.1 | p=0.045 |
| Cerebrovascular disorder | 15 | 7.6 | 13 | 6.6 | 28 | 14.2 | |
| Dermatological disease | 3 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.0 | 5 | 2.5 | |
| Musculoskeletal disorder | 21 | 10.7 | 7 | 3.6 | 28 | 14.2 | p=0.018 |
| No comorbidities | 3 | 1.5 | 4 | 2.0 | 7 | 3.6 | |
| Risk factors | |||||||
| Previous wounds | 46 | 23.4 | 50 | 25.4 | 96 | 48.7 | |
| Previous deep venous thrombosis | 9 | 4.6 | 1 | 0.5 | 10 | 5.1 | p=0.020 |
| Venous insufficiency | 9 | 4.6 | 7 | 3.6 | 16 | 8.1 | |
| Chronic oedema | 3 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.0 | 5 | 2.5 | |
| Chronic cellulitis | 10 | 5.1 | 5 | 2.5 | 15 | 7.6 | |
| Previous amputation | 4 | 2.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 5 | 2.5 | |
| Smoking (n) | 13 | 6.6 | 28 | 14.2 | 41 | 20.8 | p=0.001 |
| Drug misuse | 2 | 1.0 | 5 | 2.5 | 7 | 3.6 | p=0.010 |
| Alcohol abuse | 3 | 1.5 | 11 | 5.6 | 14 | 7.1 | |
| Overweight (BMI 24–30) | 59 | 29.9 | 62 | 31.5 | 121 | 61.4 | |
| Obesity (BMI over 30) | 26 | 13.2 | 29 | 14.7 | 55 | 27.9 | |
| High cholesterol (diagnosis) | 22 | 11.2 | 23 | 11.7 | 45 | 22.8 | |
| LDL over 3.0 | 23 | 11.7 | 19 | 9.6 | 42 | 21.3 | |
| Joint malformation | 8 | 4.1 | 3 | 1.5 | 11 | 5.6 | p=0.010 |
| Neuropathy (diagnostic coded) | 8 | 4.1 | 18 | 9.1 | 26 | 13.2 | p<0.001 |
| Neuropathy (monofilament test posit.) | 32 | 16.2 | 54 | 27.4 | 86 | 43.7 | |
| MRSA | 2 | 1.0 | 6 | 3.0 | 8 | 4.1 | p=0.048 |
| Hemiplegia | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 4 | 2.0 | |
| HbA1c (n=153) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 43 (12.9) | 49 (16.8) | 46 (15.1) | p=0.018† | |||
| Median (IQR) | 40 | 43 | 41(37–52) | ||||
| BMI (n=178) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 27.4 (8.2) | 29.0 (6.2) | 28 (7.4) | ||||
| Median | 26 | 28 | 26 (23–32) | ||||
| fP-Kol-LDL (n=169) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.5 (0.83) | 2.4 (0.86) | 2.5 (0.84) | ||||
| Median | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 (1.8–3.0) | ||||
| fP-Gluk (n=173) | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.0 (1.8) | 7.3 (3.4) | 6.6 (2.7) | p=0.002† | |||
| Median | 5.8 | 6.7 | 5.9 (5.3–6.9) |
*Pearson’s χ2, difference between female and male patients.
†One-way analysis of variance test.
BMI, body mass index; fP-Gluk, fasting plasma glucose; fP-Kol-LDL, fasting plasma low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol; MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.