Table 4.
Results of the prognostic factor analysis for SPADI and the eight domains of quality of life (SF-36)
| Prognostic factor | SPADI | Physical functioning | Social | Physical problem | Emotional problem | Mental health | Vitality | Pain | General health | |||||||||
| RC (SE) | m/c R2 | RC (SE) | m/c R2 | RC (SE) | m/c R2 | RC (SE) | m/c R2 | RC (SE) | m/c R2 | RC (SE) | m/c R2 | RC (SE) | m/c R2 | RC (SE) | m/c R2 | RC (SE) | m/c R2 | |
| Active ROM | ||||||||||||||||||
| External rotation | 0.12 (0.18) | – | −0.47 (0.14) | 0.063 −0.005 |
−0.08 (0.11) | – | −0.36 (0.28) | – | −0.33 (0.26) | – | −0.14 (0.11) | – | −0.22 (0.14) | – | −0.35 (0.17) | 0.026 0.002 |
−0.23 (0.14) | – |
| Flexion | −0.10 (0.09) | – | −0.10 (0.08) | – | 0.01 (0.06) | – | −0.05 (0.15) | – | 0.22 (0.14) | – | 0.00 (0.06) | – | 0.00 (0.08) | – | −0.09 (0.09) | – | −0.01 (0.07) | – |
| Abduction | 0.02 (0.08) | – | −0.12 (0.07) | – | 0.02 (0.05) | – | −0.07 (0.13) | – | 0.16 (0.12) | – | 0.03 (0.05) | – | −0.02 (0.07) | – | −0.09 (0.08) | – | −0.03 (0.07) | – |
| Central pain processing | ||||||||||||||||||
| PPT affected shoulder | −0.64 (1.38) | – | 1.08 (1.18) | – | −0.13 (0.88) | – | 3.66 (2.11) | – | 3.25 (2.01) | – | −0.12 (0.87) | – | 0.79 (1.10) | – | 1.00 (1.37) | – | 0.69 (1.07) | – |
| PPT quadriceps | −1.05 (0.99) | – | 1.23 (1.05) | – | −0.10 (0.79) | – | 3.44 (1.89) | 1.52 (1.86) | – | −0.30 (0.79) | – | 1.07 (0.98) | – | 1.00 (0.95) | – | 1.46 (1.10) | – | |
| TS | 2.37 (1.51) | – | −1.35 (1.29) | −0.79 (0.77) | – | −0.20 (2.43) | – | 0.83 (2.26) | – | −0.13 (0.96) | – | −0.17 (1.26) | – | 0.68 (1.51) | – | −1.29 (1.17) | – | |
| CPM | −11.43 (7.90) | – | 3.09 (6.88) | – | 5.13 (5.12) | – | −9.32 (12.62) | – | −1.62 (11.94) | – | −4.10 (5.07) | – | 0.10 (6.46) | – | −7.99 (7.95) | – | −1.83 (6.27) | – |
| Metabolic factors | ||||||||||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus (yes) | 17.78 (8.00) | 0.026 0.001 |
−14.33 (7.02) | 0.025 0.006 |
1.37 (5.43) | – | −8.73 (13.13) | – | −6.00 (12.70) | – | 6.07 (5.33) | – | −1.08 (6.75) | – | −3.06 (8.34) | – | 10.72 (6.45) | – |
| Thyroid disorder (yes) | −1.49 (7.67) | – | 6.43 (6.44) | – | 4.62 (4.62) | – | 14.51 (11.82) | – | 22.97 (10.65) | 0.029 0.002 |
6.31 (4.58) | – | 5.65 (5.92) | – | 8.91 (7.47) | – | −1.08 (5.75) | – |
| Autonomic symptoms | −0.15 (0.25) | – | −0.41 (0.22) | −0.29 (0.16) | – | −0.46 (0.38) | – | −0.99 (0.35) | 0.048 0 |
−0.46 (0.15) | 0.05 0.004 |
−0.51 (0.20) | 0.033 0.003 |
−0.48 (0.24) | 0.025 0.005 |
−0.44 (0.19) | 0.026 0.006 |
|
Significant prognostic factors in bold (p<0.05).
c, conditional; CPM, conditioned pain modulation; m, marginal; PPT, pressure pain threshold; RC, regression coefficient; ROM, range of motion; SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Survey; SPADI, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index; TS, temporal summation.