Table 4.
Cytokine concentrations in picograms/mL, adjusted for total protein concentration, and within group p-value for change from 0 to 3 months.
| Cytokine 1 | Time | Parameters | Glucose n = 20 |
|---|---|---|---|
| SP | 0 | Mean (SD) | 46 (40) |
| 3 Mo | Mean (SD) | 39 (46) | |
| 0 to 3 Mo | MD 1 (SE); p | −7 (13); p = 0.41 | |
| CGRP | 0 | Mean (SD) | 42 (79) |
| 3 Mo | Mean (SD) | 65 (121) | |
| 0 to 3 Mo | MD (SE); p | +23 (27); p = 0.30 | |
| NPY | 0 | Mean (SD) | 7.5 (6.6) |
| 3 Mo | Mean (SD) | 2.6 (4.2) | |
| 0 to 3 Mo | MD (SE); p | −4.9 (5.6); p < 0.0012 | |
| MMP-3 | 0 | Mean (SD) | 614 (637) |
| 3 Mo | Mean (SD | 395 (211) | |
| 0 to 3 Mo | MD (SE); p | −219 (129); p = 0.15 | |
| TIMP-1 | 0 | Mean (SD) | 161 (94) |
| 3 Mo | Mean (SD) | 178 (63) | |
| 0 to 3 Mo | MD (SE); p | +17 (28); p = 0.19 | |
| IL-6 | 0 | Mean (SD) | 21 (21) |
| 3 Mo | Mean (SD) | 34 (32) | |
| 0 to 3 Mo | MD (SE); p | +14 (7); p = 0.033 2 | |
| IGF | 0 | Mean (SD) | 5.4 (3.5) |
| 3 Mo | Mean (SD) | 8.4 (4.7) | |
| 0 to 3 Mo | MD (SE); p | +3.0 (0.9); p = 0.003 2 | |
| TGFβ | 0 | Mean (SD) | 113 (87) |
| 3 Mo | Mean (SD) | 98 (68) | |
| 0 to 3 Mo | MD (SE); p | −15 (22); p = 0.60 |
1 MD = mean difference; 2 A Bonferroni-corrected alpha value of 0.006 was utilized to determine whether statistical significance was achieved.