Table 3.

Adjusted risk ratios (RR) of the association between injurious IPV and recent MDE among married women aged 16–37, rural Bangladesh, 2013–2014 (n = 3290)

	Model lb		Model 2b		Model 3b		Model 4b		Model 5b
	RR	(95% CI)	RR	(95% CI)	RR	(95% CI)	RR	(95% CI)	RR	(95% CI)
Level 1
Injurious IPV
None	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
IPV without injury	0.89	(0.62, 1.26)	0.88	(0.62, 1.27)	0.93	(0.66, 1.32)	0.75	(0.48, 1.17)	0.85	(0.56, 1.29)
IPV with injury	1.72	(1.23, 2.40)**	1.72	(1.23, 2.39)**	1.84	(1.35, 2.50)***	1.66	(1.15, 2.40)**	1.57	(1.15,2.15)**
Level 2
Low injunctive normativity
Quartile 1 (lowest)			0.95	(0.75, 1.20)			0.76	(0.48, 1.21)
Quartiles 2–4			Ref				Ref
Low descriptive normativity
Quartile 1 (lowest)					1.22	(0.92, 1.63)			0.94	(0.60, 1.46)
Quartiles 2–4					Ref				Ref
Cross-level interactions
Low injunctive normativity × injurious IPV							Interaction p = 0.197
None							Ref
IPV without injury							1.96	(0.97, 3.94)
IPV with injury							1.13	(0.73, 1.75)
Low descriptive normativity × injurious IPV									Interaction p = 0.171
None									Ref
IPV without injury									1.21	(0.72, 2.05)
IPV with injury									1.75	(1.01,3.03)*

^***p<0.001

^**p<0.01

^*p<0.05

All models additionally adjusted for age, MDE at baseline, and ever witnessing father hit/beat mother

Injunctive normativity refers to the prevalence of favorable attitudes toward IPV perpetration among the women interviewed; descriptive normativity refers to the village-level prevalence of physical IPV. Normativity is presented using quartiles, where quartile 1 refers to villages with the least normative views