Table 2.
Primary outcome measures and between-group differences in the full analysis set and per-protocol set.
| Analysis and timepoint | XiaoE | e-book | Xiaoai | F (df) | P value | η2 | Cohen’s d | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Adjusteda PHQ-9b, mean (SE) | n | Adjusteda PHQ-9b, mean (SE) | n | Adjusteda PHQ-9b, mean (SE) | n |
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| ITTc analysis |
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Postintervention | 7.58 (0.30) | 45 | 8.62 (0.30) | 39 | 10.10 (0.30) | 41 | 17.011 (2,136) | <.001 | 0.060 | 0.51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Change from baseline | −2.44 (0.30) |
|
−1.40 (0.30) |
|
0.08 (0.30) |
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Follow-up | 7.82 (0.34) | 44 | 9.01 (0.35) | 32 | 9.39 (0.35) | 30 | 5.477 (2,136) | .005 | 0.024 | 0.31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Change from baseline | −2.20 (0.34) |
|
−1.01 (0.35) |
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−0.63 (0.35) |
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| PPd analysis |
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Postintervention | 7.51 (0.28) | 45 | 9.29 (0.30) | 39 | 10.51 (0.30) | 41 | 26.168 (2,113) | <.001 | 0.088 | 0.62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Change from baseline | −2.84 (0.28) |
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−1.06 (0.30) |
|
0.16 (0.30) |
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Follow-up | 7.92 (0.37) | 44 | 9.23 (0.43) | 32 | 10.04 (0.46) | 30 | 6.408 (2,94) | .002 | 0.044 | 0.43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Change from baseline | −2.41 (0.37) |
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−1.10 (0.43) |
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−0.29 (0.46) |
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aAdjusted for baseline PHQ-9 score, age, gender, ethnicity, only child, single parent, religion, home location, and parental marriage.
bPHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
cITT: intention-to-treat.
dPP: per-protocol.