T. cruzi induces β-chemokine production by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Immunoperoxidase staining for β-chemokines of thioglycolate-elicited murine macrophages exposed (A to E) or not (F) to culture-derived T. cruzi trypomastigotes. The cells were incubated with anti-JE/MCP-1 (A and F), anti-MIP-1α (B), anti-MIP-1β (C), and anti-RANTES (D), or normal goat serum (E). 9-Amino-3-ethyl carbazole was used as the peroxidase substrate to generate a brown-staining signal. The arrows indicate intracellular amastigote forms. Magnification, ×364.