Table 2.
Characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis events
| Total DKA episodes N = 71 |
DKA episodes in pregnancies with live births N = 58 |
DKA episodes in pregnancies with fetal demise N = 13 |
P (live births vs fetal demise) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age at DKA, wk | 30.0 (18.4-33.0) | 30.2 (24.6-33.2) | 10.9 (6.0-26.7) | .001 |
| Contributing factorsa | ||||
| Infection | 16 (22.5) | 14 (24.1) | 2 (15.4) | |
| Nonadherence | 28 (39.4) | 26 (44.8) | 2 (15.4) | |
| New diabetes diagnosis | 7 (9.8) | 5 (8.6) | 2 (15.4) | |
| Hyperemesis | 6 (8.4) | 2 (3.4) | 4 (30.8) | .004b |
| New pregnancy diagnosis | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.4) | 0 | |
| Steroid administration | 5 (7.0) | 5 (8.6) | 0 | |
| Device failure | 5 (7.0) | 5 (8.6) | 0 | |
| Preeclampsia | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | |
| Drug abuse immediately before presentation | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (7.7) | |
| Severe migraine | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | |
| Other | 5 (7.0) | 2 (3.4) | 3 (23) | |
| Intensive care unit admission | 28 (39.4) | 22 (37.9) | 6 (46.1) | .82 |
| Maximum anion gap, mEq/L | 19.0 (18.0-23.5) | 20.5 (18.0-24.0) | 19.0 (19.0-21.0) | .85 |
| Maximum BUN, mmol/L mg/dL |
4.3 (3.6-5.2) 12.0 (10.0-14.5) |
4.4 (3.6-5.3) 12.0 (10.0-14.8) |
3.9 (3.2-5.0) 11.0 (9.0-14.0) |
.38 |
| Maximum creatinine, µmol/L (mg/dL) |
61.9 (53.0-77.8) 0.7 (0.6-0.88) |
61.9 (53.0-70.7) 0.7 (0.6-0.8) |
61.9 (53.0-97.2) 0.7 (0.6-1.1) |
.85 |
| Maximum glucose, mmol/L mg/dL |
18.5 (14.4-23.5) 333.0 (259.0-423.5) |
18.1 (12.9-23.4) 326.0 (231.3-421.0) |
21.3 (17.1-23.8) 384.0 (307.0-428.0) |
.15 |
| Minimum bicarbonate, mmol/L | 14 (11-16) | 13.0 (11.0-16.0) | 15.5 (11.8-17.3) | .59 |
| Maximum BOHB, mmol/L | 4.1 (2.9-5.2)c | 4.1 (3.0-5.3) | 4.1 (3.1-4.4) | .81 |
| Maximum osmolality, mean (SD) | 291.0 (285.5-298.0) | 291.0 (283.3-298.0) | 295.0 (289.0-297.0) | .19 |
Data presented as median (quartile 1-quartile 3) or n (%).
Abbreviations: BOHB, β-hydroxybutyrate; BUN, serum urea nitrogen; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis.
a More than one contributing factor in several cases.
b Considering the 4 most frequent contributing factors.
c Data missing in n = 13 (18%) cases.