Table 2.
Echocardiographic characteristics
| HG (N = 956) | cLFLG (N = 447) | pLFLG (N = 373) | Total (N = 1776) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVA (cm2) | 0.7 [0.5–0.8] | 0.7 [0.6–0.9] | 0.7 [0.6–0.8] | 0.7 [0.6–0.8] | < 0.01 |
| AVAi (cm2/m2) | 0.4 [0.3–0.4] | 0.4 [0.3–0.5] | 0.4 [0.3–0.4] | 0.4 [0.3–0.4] | < 0.01 |
| Maximum gradient (mmHg) | 76.0 [68.0–89.0] | 43.0 [33.0–52.0] | 48.0 [39.0–56.0] | 64.0 [46.0–78.0] | < 0.01 |
| Mean gradient (mmHg) | 48.0 [43.0–56.0] | 26.0 [20.0–32.0] | 28.0 [23.0–35.0] | 40.0 [28.0–49.0] | < 0.01 |
| SV (ml) | 68.0 [57.0–83.0] | 51.0 [40.0–59.0] | 55.0 [46.0–60.0] | 59.0 [49.0–72.0] | < 0.01 |
| SVi (ml/m2) | 37.9 [31.5–44.9] | 27.3 [21.8–32.7] | 29.5 [26.0–32.4] | 32.4 [27.0–39.2] | < 0.01 |
| LVEF (%) | 55.0 [50.0–58.0] | 40.0 [35.0–45.0] | 55.0 [53.0–56.0] | 55.0 [45.0–55.0] | < 0.01 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 22.0 [18.0–25.0] | 17.0 [14.0–20.0] | 20.0 [16.0–23.0] | 20.0 [17.0–23.0] | < 0.01 |
| AR grade 2 | 96 (10.0%) | 57 (12.8%) | 26 (7.0%) | 179 (10.1%) | 0.02 |
| MR 3–4/4 | 37 (3.9%) | 41 (9.2%) | 15 (4.0%) | 93 (5.3%) | < 0.01 |
| TR 2–3/3 | 82 (9.1%) | 80 (19.1%) | 74 (20.2%) | 236 (14.0%) | < 0.01 |
| RV/RA-gradient (mmHg) | 34.5 [26.0–45.0] | 38.0 [29.0–48.0] | 35.0 [27.0–42.0] | 36.0 [27.0–45.0] | < 0.01 |
| E (cm/s) | 119.0 [106.0–136.0] | 117.0 [103.0–132.2] | 115.0 [108.0–133.0] | 118.0 [106.0–135.0] | 0.67 |
| A (cm/s) | 119.0 [107.0–137.0] | 104.5 [81.2–119.8] | 113.0 [101.5–128.5] | 116.0 [103.8–133.2] | < 0.01 |
| Septal E’ (cm/s) | 5.1 [4.1–6.1] | 4.9 [4.2–6.0] | 5.9 [4.7–7.4] | 5.2 [4.2–6.4] | < 0.01 |
| Lateral E’ (cm/s) | 7.0 [5.4–8.6] | 7.3 [5.9–9.9] | 8.6 [7.2–10.7] | 7.4 [5.8–9.4] | < 0.01 |
| LA volume (ml) | 79.8 [60.7–98.1] | 93.8 [76.1–117.0] | 87.9 [60.3–111.8] | 84.0 [63.0–107.0] | < 0.01 |
| LVIDd (mm) | 4.6 [4.1–5.1] | 5.2 [4.5–5.7] | 4.5 [4.0–5.0] | 4.7 [4.2–5.3] | < 0.01 |
| IVSd (mm) | 1.4 [1.2–1.5] | 1.2 [1.1–1.4] | 1.3 [1.1–1.5] | 1.3 [1.2–1.5] | < 0.01 |
| LVPWd (mm) | 1.2 [1.1–1.4] | 1.1 [1.0–1.3] | 1.1 [1.0–1.3] | 1.2 [1.0–1.3] | < 0.01 |
Data are presented as n (%) or median [IQR]. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant
AVA aortic valve area, AVAi aortic valve area index, dPmax maximum pressure gradient, dPmean mean pressure gradient, SV stroke volume, SVi stroke volume index, LVEF left-ventricular ejection fraction, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, AR aortic regurgitation, MR mitral regurgitation, TR tricuspid regurgitation, RV/RA gradient right ventricular-right atrial pressure gradient, LA left atrium, LVIDd left ventricular internal diastolic diameter, IVSd interventricular septum diastolic diameter, LVPWd left ventricular posterior wall diastolic diameter