Table 1.
Overview of the clinical development of Cu-modulating agents
| Agents | Action | Indication and testing stage | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-penicillamine | Chelator | Wilson’s disease (approved) | 266 |
| Tetrathiomolybdate | Chelator | Wilson’s disease (phase II) | 86 |
| Trientine | Chelator | Wilson’s disease (approved) | 265 |
| WTX101 | Chelator | Wilson’s disease (phase III) | 90 |
| Clioquinol | Ionophore | Fungal infection (approved) | 263 |
| CuII(atsm) | Ionophore | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (phase II) | 276 |
| Disulfiram | Ionophore | Glioblastoma (phase I/II) | 286,287 |
| Elesclomol | Ionophore | Melanoma (phase III) | 206 |