Table 1.
Characteristics of the subjects without AFL or dyspnoea on exertion at enrolment (N = 5865).
| Total | Normal respiratory function* | Subclinical respiratory dysfunction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEV1/FVC < LLN | %FEV1 < 80% | |||
| N | 5865 | 5555 | 57 | 256 |
| Age, year | 59 (± 9) | 59 (± 9) | 49 (± 8)† | 62 (± 9)‡ |
| Female, N (%) | 3887 (66) | 3699 (67) | 46 (81)† | 145 (57)‡ |
| Height, cm | 159 (± 8) | 159 (± 8) | 160 (± 8) | 160 (± 9) |
| Weight, kg | 57 (± 10) | 57 (± 10) | 55 (± 10)† | 59 (± 13) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.5 (± 3.1) | 22.5 (± 3.1) | 21.4 (± 2.6)† | 23.0 (± 3.8) |
| Smoking status, N (%) | 1831 (31) | 1713 (31) | 13 (23) | 105 (41)‡ |
| Current | 668 (11) | 616 (11) | 10 (18) | 42 (16)‡ |
| Former | 1163 (20) | 1097 (20) | 3 (5)† | 63 (25)‡ |
| Pack-years among smokers | 12 (± 20) | 11 (± 19) | 24 (± 23)† | 17 (± 25) |
| Pulmonary function test | ||||
| %FEV1, % | 104 (± 14) | 106 (± 13) | 98 (± 14)† | 73 (± 8)‡ |
| %FVC, % | 101 (± 14) | 102 (± 13) | 111 (± 16)† | 73 (± 9)‡ |
| FEV1/FVC | 0. 82 (± 0.05) | 0. 82 (± 0.05) | 0.72 (± 0.01)† | 0.80 (± 0.06)‡ |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 1395 (24) | 1318 (24) | 5 (9)† | 72 (28) |
| Diabetes | 388 (7) | 364 (7) | 1 (2) | 28 (11)‡ |
| Cardiovascular disease | 264 (5) | 250 (5) | 0 (0) | 14 (5) |
All values are expressed as the mean (± SD) except categorical variables, which are expressed as N (%). SD standard division, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, LLN lower limits of normal, BMI body mass index. *Subjects with FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN and %FEV1 > 80%. †P < 0.05, comparing subjects with FEV1/FVC < LLN to those with normal respiratory function. ‡P < 0.05, comparing subjects with %FEV1 < 80% to those with normal respiratory function.