Table 2.
Characteristics at enrolment of subjects who had AFL, dyspnoea or both at follow-up (N = 5086).
| AFL at follow-up | Dyspnoea at follow-up | AFL with dyspnoea at follow-up | Normal at follow-up | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 449 | 1,021 | 100 | 3716 |
| Age, years | 63 (± 8)* | 61 (± 9)* | 64 (± 8)* | 58 (± 9) |
| Female, N (%) | 202 (45)* | 702 (69) | 50 (50)* | 2564 (69) |
| Height, cm | 162 (± 8)* | 158 (± 8) | 161 (± 8)* | 159 (± 8) |
| Weight, kg | 59 (± 10)* | 58 (± 10)* | 59 (± 11)* | 57 (± 10) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.4 (± 2.8) | 23 (± 3.3)* | 22.8 (± 3.3) | 22.3 (± 2.9) |
| Smoking status, N (%) | 219 (49)* | 307 (30) | 48 (48)* | 1052 (28) |
| Current | 98 (22)* | 131 (13) * | 27 (27)* | 328 (9) |
| Former | 121 (27)* | 176 (17) | 21 (21) | 724 (19) |
| Pulmonary function test | ||||
| %FEV1, % | 96 (± 14)* | 103 (± 15)* | 94 (± 14)* | 106 (± 14) |
| %FVC, % | 99 (± 16)* | 99 (± 15)* | 98 (± 15)* | 102 (± 14) |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.76 (± 0.04)* | 0.82 (± 0.05)* | 0.76 (± 0.04)* | 0.83 (± 0.05) |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 128 (29)* | 303 (30)* | 30 (30)* | 792 (21) |
| Diabetes | 31 (7) | 72 (7) | 6 (6) | 229 (6) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 23 (5) | 77 (8)* | 11 (11)* | 133 (4) |
All values are expressed as the mean (± SD) except categorical variables, which are expressed as N (%). SD standard division, AFL airflow limitation, BMI body mass index, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity. *P < 0.05, compared with normal subjects without AFL or dyspnoea at follow-up.