TABLE 3.
Clinical data at baseline and the end of follow-up of 211 HFpEF patients who were already treated with ACEi/ARB and 36 HFpEF patients who were sacubitril/valsartan naive.
| Variables | ACEi/ARB treated patients (n = 211) |
Sacubitril/Valsartan naive patients (n = 36) |
P-value |
| Clinical parameters | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | |||
| Baseline | 150.0 ± 23.9 | 147.6 ± 22.0 | 0.569 |
| The end of follow-up | 137.2 ± 20.2a | 136.9 ± 24.2a | 0.935 |
| Percentage change (%) | –7.8 (–20.0, 8.6) | –1.1 (–6.8, 0.5) | 0.685 |
| DBP (mmHg) | |||
| Baseline | 90.7 ± 16.3 | 87.3 ± 14.5 | 0.229 |
| The end of follow-up | 84.8 ± 14.5a | 82.9 ± 11.8 | 0.438 |
| Percentage change (%) | –5.9 (–19.2, 8.7) | –1.2 (–14.4, 8.6) | 0.621 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | |||
| Baseline | 83.4 ± 12.1 | 83.7 ± 14.1 | 0.910 |
| The end of follow-up | 80.4 ± 8.8a | 78.5 ± 8.2a | 0.238 |
| Percentage change (%) | –3.5 (–11.1, 5.0) | –1.3 (–8.3, 4.5) | 0.836 |
| Laboratory values | |||
| Urea (mmol/L) | |||
| Baseline | 26.0 (20.1, 33.2) | 23.5 (18.3, 29.6) | 0.298 |
| The end of follow-up | 24.0 (17.1, 32.0) | 21.4 (14.6, 25.6) | 0.001 |
| Percentage change (%) | –7.9 (–30.7, 20.0) | –18.4 (–37.3, 1.0) | 0.130 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | |||
| Baseline | 957.0 (751.5, 1160.1) | 957.0 (682.8.0, 1172.0) | 0.103 |
| The end of follow-up | 764.0 (596.3, 972.0) | 732.5 (546.2, 896.3) | 0.001 |
| Percentage change (%) | –2.5 (–21.0, 15.0) | –10.0 (–22.7, 6.2) | 0.218 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | |||
| Baseline | 387.0 (318.5, 478.3) | 359.0 (299.0, 419.5) | 0.242 |
| The end of follow-up | 356.0 (292.0, 451.0) | 295.0 (234.8, 429.8) | 0.001 |
| Percentage change (%) | –7.1 (–26.9, 11.0) | –16.8 (–37.8, 10.3) | 0.286 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | |||
| Baseline | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 0.007 |
| The end of follow-up | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 0.003 |
| Percentage change (%) | –0.4 (–11.2,15.9) | 3.3 (–12.6, 20.1) | 0.684 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | |||
| Baseline | 2.1 (1.9, 2.3) | 2.1 (2.0, 2.4) | 0.641 |
| The end of follow-up | 2.2 (2.1, 2.3) | 2.2 (2.1, 2.4) | 0.269 |
| Percentage change (%) | 3.5 (–3.4, 13.4) | 4.6 (–3.5, 10.0) | 0.957 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | |||
| Baseline | 2.0 (1.6, 2.5) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.2) | 0.114 |
| The end of follow-up | 1.9 (1.5, 2.3) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.4) | 0.619 |
| Percentage change (%) | –1.8 (–26.2, 21.1) | 22.3 (–20.3, 35.0) | 0.743 |
| Hyperkalemia [n (%)] | |||
| Baseline | 8 (3.8%) | 6 (16.7%) | 0.002 |
| The end of follow-up | 13 (6.2%) | 7 (19.4%) | 0.007 |
| Intact PTH (pg/mL) | |||
| Baseline | 276.0 (170.0, 417.8) | 251.5 (151.7, 343.3) | 0.332 |
| The end of follow-up | 266.0 (125.3, 426.5) | 199.0 (130.0, 359.0) | 0.328 |
| Percentage change (%) | –2.5 (–45.2, 45.5) | –4.5 (–45.3, 25.2) | 0.625 |
| Albumin (g/L) | |||
| Baseline | 34.5 ± 5.3 | 38.4 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |
| The end of follow-up | 35.6 ± 5.8a | 41.3 ± 4.6a | < 0.001 |
| Percentage change (%) | 2.6 (–6.1, 13.5) | 8.1 (–0.2, 18.5) | 0.108 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | |||
| Baseline | 32555.0 (9165.5, 82722.5) | 18489.7 (10544.9, 34141.7) | 0.878 |
| The end of follow-up | 9316.9 (3617.2, 30715.2)a | 10537.2 (2541.8, 29280.2)a | 0.757 |
| Percentage change (%) | –35.8 (–85.9, 38.9) | –70.8 (–83.5, –9.3) | 0.700 |
| Cardiac troponin I (μg/L) | |||
| Baseline | 0.049 (0.025, 0.072) | 0.035 (0.023, 0.045) | 0.375 |
| The end of follow-up | 0.043 (0.022, 0.065)a | 0.031 (0.021, 0.105) | 0.767 |
| Percentage change (%) | –9.8 (–63.6, 55.7) | –7.7 (–38.9, 76.1) | 0.555 |
| Creative kinase MB (U/L) | |||
| Baseline | 13.6 (10.9, 18.7) | 12.0 (9.3, 17.0) | 0.655 |
| The end of follow-up | 14.3 (10.8, 18.3) | 16.8 (11.4, 20.3) | 0.649 |
| Percentage change (%) | 2.2 (–27.5, 33.0) | 13.8 (–15.8, 48.3) | 0.135 |
| Cardiac structure | |||
| RVDd (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 17.0 ± 3.0 | 18.3 ± 3.0 | 0.023 |
| The end of follow-up | 16.6 ± 2.8 | 17.5 ± 2.7 | 0.098 |
| Percentage change (%) | 0.0 (–15.8, 5.9) | –17.0 (–19.0, 0.0) | 0.765 |
| LVPWT (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 11.7 ± 1.9 | 11.7 ± 2.0 | 0.967 |
| The end of follow-up | 10.8 ± 1.9a | 10.6 ± 1.5a | 0.432 |
| Percentage change (%) | –8.3 (–21.1, 3.8) | –3.8 (–28.9, 9.8) | 0.760 |
| IVSd (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 11.8 ± 1.9 | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 0.774 |
| The end of follow-up | 11.2 ± 1.9a | 11.0 ± 1.7a | 0.536 |
| Percentage change (%) | 0.0 (–16.7, 7.7) | 0.0 (–25.0, 10.0) | 0.983 |
| LVDd (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 53.8 ± 7.0 | 53.7 ± 5.7 | 0.928 |
| The end of follow-up | 51.2 ± 7.2a | 51.1 ± 6.4 | 0.924 |
| Percentage change (%) | –3.7 (–11.9, 2.0) | –8.2 (–15.6, –0.51) | 0.991 |
| LAD (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 40.3 ± 6.2 | 40.9 ± 6.4 | 0.583 |
| The end of follow-up | 37.3 ± 6.9a | 37.2 ± 8.0a | 0.933 |
| Percentage change (%) | –7.3 (–19.1, 5.0) | –18.5 (–27.6, –8.8) | 0.419 |
| AAO (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 33.9 ± 4.2 | 33.6 ± 3.7 | 0.692 |
| The end of follow-up | 32.5 ± 4.9a | 32.0 ± 3.8 | 0.508 |
| Percentage change (%) | –2.5 (–13.5, 10.0) | –2.9 (–18.1, 2.8) | 0.463 |
| E/A Ratio | |||
| Baseline | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.175 |
| The end of follow-up | 0.8 (0.7, 1.3)a | 0.8 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.894 |
| Percentage change (%) | –3.9 (–33.5, 21.8) | –10.0 (–43.3, 5.1) | 0.320 |
| LVEDV (mL) | |||
| Baseline | 148.0 (111.0, 186.5) | 136.0 (122.0, 193.0) | 0.959 |
| The end of follow-up | 129.0 (105.0, 167.0)a | 128.0 (94.0, 158.5)a | 0.586 |
| Percentage change (%) | –3.8 (–25.6, 10.7) | –19.0 (–35.3, –1.2) | 0.531 |
| LVESV (mL) | |||
| Baseline | 63.0 (44.0, 87.5) | 52.0 (46.0, 70.0) | 0.755 |
| The end of follow-up | 48.0 (38.0, 75.0)a | 51.0 (34.5, 75.5)a | 0.589 |
| Percentage change (%) | –9.2 (–32.2, 18.2) | –12.6 (–52.7, 17.7) | 0.589 |
| TRVmax (m/s) | |||
| Baseline | 2.9 (2.5, 3.2) | 2.7 (2.5, 3.0) | 0.245 |
| The end of follow-up | 2.3 (2.0, 2.8)a | 2.4 (2.0, 3.0)a | 0.364 |
| Percentage change (%) | –15.4 (–25.9, 0.0) | –17.7 (–27.4, –7.9) | 0.838 |
| Septal e’ wave velocity (cm/s) | |||
| Baseline | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 7.8 ± 0.7 | 0.058 |
| The end of follow-up | 8.3 ± 0.5a | 8.2 ± 0.5 | 0.713 |
| Percentage change (%) | 0.9 (–2.8, 8.6) | 1.4 (0.0, 17.2) | 0.073 |
| Lateral e’ wave velocity (cm/s) | |||
| Baseline | 9.9 ± 0.8 | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 0.162 |
| The end of follow-up | 10.0 ± 0.7a | 10.3 ± 0.6a | 0.343 |
| Percentage change (%) | 0.9 (–2.8, 8.6) | 1.4 (0.0, 17.2) | 0.071 |
| E/e’ | |||
| Baseline | 8.2 (6.4, 11.6) | 10.1 (6.5, 12.9) | 0.101 |
| The end of follow-up | 7.2 (6.2, 9.0)a | 7.2 (6.1, 8.8)a | 0.558 |
| Percentage change (%) | –12.1 (–32.9, 17.3) | –33.5 (–53.3, –15.4) | 0.027 |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | |||
| Baseline | 37.9 ± 4.2 | 37.7 ± 3.9 | 0.791 |
| The end of follow-up | 36.4 ± 4.1a | 36.4 ± 4.2 | 0.995 |
| Percentage change (%) | –2.8 (–11.1, 2.7) | 0.0 (–16.3, 0.0) | 0.968 |
| PASP (mmHg) | |||
| Baseline | 41.0 (32.0, 50.0) | 35.0 (31.0, 40.0) | 0.054 |
| The end of follow-up | 28.0 (21.0, 41.0)a | 28.0 (21.0, 42.5)a | 0.235 |
| Percentage change (%) | –25.0 (–46.9, –6.8) | –21.2 (–34.6, –11.0) | 0.339 |
| PAH [n (%)] | |||
| Baseline | 119 (56.4%) | 26 (72.2%) | 0.075 |
| The end of follow-up | 58 (27.5%)a | 13 (36.1%)a | 0.291 |
| Percentage change (%) | |||
| LVEF (%) | |||
| Baseline | 59.6 ± 6.3 | 56.8 ± 5.4 | 0.510 |
| The end of follow-up | 59.8 ± 5.7 | 58.9 ± 7.9 | 0.668 |
| Percentage change (%) | 0.0 (–4.5, 4.5) | 2.4 (–1.9, 6.9) | 0.200 |
Data presented as median (first-third interquartile range) or mean ± SD or number (percentage). Percentage change = (Data at the end of follow up- Data at baseline) × 100/Data at baseline.
aStands for p < 0.05 vs. baseline.
HFpEF, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; ACEi, angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; bpm, beat per minute; Intact PTH, intact parathyroid hormone; NT-proBNP, N- terminal B- type natriuretic peptide precursor; RVDd, right ventricle diastolic diameter; LVPWT, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; AAO, ascending aorta; LVEDV, Left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, Left ventricular end-systolic volume; E/A ratio, Early-to-late transmitral flow ratio; IVSd, intraventricular septal thickness in diastole; LAD, left atrial diameters; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; TRVmax, maximal tricuspid regurgitation velocity; LA volume index, left atrial volume index; PASP, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.