Table 2.
In vitro plant growth-promoting and antifungal traits shown by endophytic actinobacterial isolates.
| Sl. No. | Isolate Code | IAA production (µg mL-1) * |
P solubilization (mg L-1) * |
Ammonia production (µmol mL-1) * |
Siderophore production (%) * | Nitrogen fixation | ACC deaminase activity | Inhibition of mycelia growth (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||
| 1 | KA1 | 14.04 ± 0.65 | ND | 1.51 ± 0.06 | 52.40 ± 0.004 | + | + | 59.37 ± 1.1 | 55 ± 0.69 | – | – | – | – |
| 2 | KA3 | 68.51 ± 0.29 | ND | ND | 62.93 ± 0.001 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 3 | KA4 | 109.57 ± 0.36 | 2.8 ± 0.47 | 1.3 ± 0.06 | 62.44 ± 0.005 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 4 | KA5 | ND | ND | 1.52 ± 0.01 | ND | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5 | KA6 | ND | ND | 2.1 ± 0.04 | 44.42 ± 0.006 | – | – | – | – | 75 ± 0.47 | – | – | – |
| 6 | KA9 | 48.35 ± 0.27 | ND | 2.02 ± 0.04 | 55.95 ± 0.005 | + | + | 71.875 ± 2.5 | 47.5 ± 1.5 | – | – | – | – |
| 7 | KA10 | 42.56 ± 0.35 | ND | 1.43 ± 0.05 | 60.57 ± 0.004 | + | + | – | 65 ± 2.04 | – | – | – | – |
| 8 | KA11 | 58.84 ± 0.34 | ND | 0.64 ± 0.02 | 52.16 ± 0.002 | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 9 | KA12 | 143 ± 0.35 | 51.44 ± 3.28 | 4.63 ± 0.07 | 49.60 ± 0.004 | + | + | 71.875 ± 0.42 | 55 ± 1.2 | 72.5 ± 1.6 | 42.86 ± 2.1 | – | 72 ± 1.03 |
| 10 | KA13 | 86.42 ± 0.27 | ND | ND | 43.22 ± 0.004 | + | + | – | 57.5 ± 0.62 | 75 ± 1.1 | – | – | 80 ± 0.82 |
| 11 | KA16 | ND | ND | 1.55 ± 0.04 | ND | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 12 | KA17 | 63.34 ± 0.044 | ND | 1.21 ± 0.07 | 51.11 ± 0.007 | – | + | – | – | 72.5 ± 1.3 | – | – | – |
| 13 | KA20 | 115.57 ± 0.29 | ND | 1.43 ± 0.08 | 52.65 ± 0.003 | + | – | 78.125 ± 1.2 | – | – | 67.86 ± 1.13 | – | – |
| 14 | KA24 | ND | ND | 0 | ND | + | + | 65.625 ± 0.45 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 15 | KA25 | ND | ND | 1.53 ± 0.03 | ND | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 16 | KA28 | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 17 | KA30 | ND | ND | ND | 46.87 ± 0.003 | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 18 | KA32 | ND | 8.96 ± 0.72 | 0.84 ± 0.016 | 67.42 ± 0.002 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 19 | KA33 | 119.58 ± 0.21 | 0 | 1.76 ± 0.11 | 60.71 ± 0.003 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 20 | KA35 | 67.77 ± 0.17 | 0 | 2.55 ± 0.07 | 65.18 ± 0.020 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 21 | KA38 | 11.59 ± 0.22 | 2.48 ± 0.09 | 1.42 ± 0.102 | 58.96 ± 0.004 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 22 | KA40 | 21.54 ± 0.26 | 12.49 ± 0.38 | 1.74 ± 0.06 | 46.69 ± 0.002 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 23 | KA41 | 69.22 ± 0.12 | ND | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 68.88 ± 0.003 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 24 | KA45 | 15.17 ± 0.41 | ND | 1.36 ± 0.06 | 51.17 ± 0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 25 | KA46 | 66.49 ± 0.17 | ND | 1.37 ± 0.04 | 67.8 ± 0.003 | + | + | 68.75 ± 1.3 | 55 ± 2.06 | – | – | – | – |
| 26 | KA47 | 65.79 ± 0.25 | ND | 1.84 ± 0.07 | 68.09 ± 0.005 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 27 | KA50 | ND | ND | 0 | 53.88 ± 0.005 | + | + | – | 57.5 ± 1.14 | – | – | – | – |
| 28 | KA51 | 9.72 ± 0.20 | ND | 2.25 ± 0.05 | 56.27 ± 0.003 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 29 | KA52 | 29.11 ± 0.75 | ND | 1.75 ± 0.05 | 54.63 ± 0.005 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 30 | KA54 | ND | 2.53 ± 0.74 | ND | 69.09 ± 0.004 | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 31 | KA55 | ND | 7.21 ± 0.54 | 1.07 ± 0.08 | 53.32 ± 0.001 | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 32 | KA61 | ND | 40.11 ± 1.1 | ND | ND | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 33 | KA62 | ND | ND | ND | 82.77 ± 0.002 | + | – | 65.625 ± 1.1 | – | – | – | 90 ± 1.15 | – |
| 34 | KA64 | ND | ND | ND | 60.72 ± 0.001 | + | + | 62.5 ± 1.3 | – | – | – | 63.33 ± 1.3 | – |
| 35 | KA68 | ND | ND | ND | 67.61 ± 0.005 | + | + | – | 45 ± 0.92 | – | – | – | – |
| 36 | KA71 | ND | ND | ND | 61.16 ± 0.002 | + | + | – | 40 ± 1.1 | – | – | – | – |
| 37 | KA76 | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 38 | KA82 | ND | 5.95 ± 0.92 | ND | 67.44 ± 0.002 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 39 | KA83 | 142.75 ± 0.35 | 51 ± 3.28 | 4.60 ± 0.07 | 49.00 ± 0.004 | + | + | 43.75 ± 2.03 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 40 | KA85 | ND | ND | 2.01 ± 0.03 | ND | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 41 | KA87 | ND | ND | ND | ND | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 42 | KA88 | ND | ND | ND | 45.87 ± 0.003 | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 43 | KA89 | ND | 39.11 ± 1.1 | ND | 0 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 44 | MA3 | 54.21 ± 1.12 | 18.62 ± 2.01 | 4.63 ± 0.07 | 63.34 ± 0.010 | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | 40 ± 1.15 |
| 45 | MA8 | 63.2 ± 1.32 | 0 | 0.40 ± 0.016 | ND | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 46 | MA9 | ND | 0 | 2.61 ± 0.26 | 59.64 ± 0.003 | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | 38 ± 2.04 |
| 47 | MA10 | 61.02 ± 1.31 | 0 | 4.37 ± 0.09 | 54.80 ± 0.006 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 48 | MA11 | 15.04 ± 0.35 | 0 | 4.27 ± 0.08 | 59.53 ± 0.016 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 49 | MA12 | 5.28 ± 0.13 | 0 | 4.52 ± 0.07 | 57.46 ± 0.001 | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | 36 ± 1.42 |
| 50 | MA13 | 85.57 ± 1.36 | 0 | 4.55 ± 0.14 | 50.31 ± 0.004 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 51 | MA16 | ND | 62.19 ± 3.94 | 3.44 ± 0.02 | 63.21 ± 0.000 | + | + | 75 ± 0.89 | – | – | – | – | 34 ± 1.16 |
| 52 | MA19 | 43.36 ± 1.10 | ND | 4.81 ± 0.03 | 53.68 ± 0.002 | + | + | 87.5 ± 0.75 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 53 | MA24 | 25.57 ± 0.144 | ND | 4.48 ± 0.11 | 50.59 ± 0.003 | + | + | 81.25 ± 1.3 | – | – | – | – | 36 ± 1.32 |
| 54 | MA26 | 18.3 ± 0.29 | ND | 2.16 ± 0.04 | 64.03 ± 0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 55 | MA28 | ND | ND | 4.04 ± 0.03 | 49.50 ± 0.013 | + | + | 62.5 ± 1.17 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 56 | MA29 | 67.32 ± 0.32 | ND | 3.71 ± 0.03 | 54.11 ± 0.014 | + | + | 62.5 ± 0.95 | – | – | – | – | 26 ± 0.87 |
| 57 | MA30 | 135.43 ± 2.6 | 44.02 ± 0.14 | 4.00 ± 0.13 | 54.93 ± 0.022 | – | + | 62.5 ± 1.16 | – | – | – | – | 24 ± 0.96 |
| 58 | MA33 | 105.65 ± 1.18 | ND | 4.62 ± 0.11 | 54.40 ± 0.002 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | 34 ± 0.85 |
| 59 | MA34 | 122.64 ± 0.14 | 41.45 ± 3.28 | 3.60 ± 0.07 | 65.48 ± 0.004 | + | + | 71.875 ± 0.51 | – | – | – | 42 ± 0.59 | 42 ± 1.14 |
| 60 | MA35 | 54.1 ± 1.24 | ND | 3.70 ± 0.12 | 50.23 ± 0.002 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | 32 ± 0.95 |
| 61 | MA36 | 85.24 ± 2.05 | 29.56 ± 0.98 | 3.78 ± 0.004 | 86.02 ± 0.002 | + | – | – | 25 ± 1.2 | – | – | – | 28 ± 1.24 |
| 62 | MA37 | 49.14 ± 2.25 | ND | 3.83 ± 0.10 | 86.33 ± 0.000 | + | – | – | 25 ± 0.69 | – | – | – | – |
| 63 | MA38 | 63.19 ± 1.19 | 38.35 ± 1.87 | 4.49 ± 0.12 | 65.21 ± 0.002 | + | – | 84.375 ± 1.02 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 64 | MA40 | 62.83 ± 1.22 | 42.62 ± 6.7 | 4.45 ± 0.13 | 63.44 ± 0.002 | + | – | 90.625 ± 1.32 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 65 | MA42 | 61.23 ± 1.40 | 6.21 ± 0.45 | 4.46 ± 0.14 | 50.07 ± 0.015 | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 66 | MA43 | 15.12 ± 0.31 | 4.65 ± 1.45 | 4.66 ± 0.12 | 60.22 ± 0.002 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 67 | MA45 | 86.18 ± 1.0 | 8.845 ± 1.23 | 4.46 ± 0.11 | 48.99 ± 0.002 | + | + | 87.5 ± 1.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 68 | MA48 | ND | ND | 0.39 ± 0.04 | 61.14 ± 0.001 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 30 ± 0.28 |
| 69 | MA51 | 42.77 ± 1.02 | ND | 4.52 ± 0.10 | 48.59 ± 0.006 | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | 34 ± 0.78 |
| 70 | MA54 | 58.08 ± 1.36 | 15.41 ± 1.12 | 4.49 ± 0.10 | ND | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 71 | MA57 | ND | ND | 4.40 ± 0.11 | 63.60 ± 0.002 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 72 | MA63 | 8.53 ± 0.63 | ND | 4.81 ± 0.03 | 34.81 ± 0.006 | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 73 | MA66 | 24.18 ± 0.84 | ND | 4.69 ± 0.07 | 69.48 ± 0.002 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 74 | MA68 | 81.57 ± 2.84 | ND | 1.08 ± 0.08 | ND | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 75 | MA69 | 52.74 ± 1.03 | ND | 4.65 ± 0.08 | 53.72 ± 0.002 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 76 | MA70 | 21.78 ± 0.72 | ND | 4.46 ± 0.10 | ND | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 77 | MA71 | 6.08 ± 0.71 | ND | 4.70 ± 0.06 | 46.36 ± 0.003 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 78 | K27 | 26.48 ± 1.22 | ND | 3.00 ± 0.14 | ND | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 79 | K33 | ND | ND | 0.61 ± 0.26 | ND | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 80 | K34 | ND | ND | 0.85 ± 0.26 | ND | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 81 | K78 | 16.05 ± 1.04 | ND | 1.48 ± 0.13 | ND | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 82 | K86 | 23.79 ± 1.60 | ND | 1.50 ± 0.30 | 67.11 ± 0.09 | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 83 | K91 | 11.14 ± 8.85 | ND | 4.50 ± 0.19 | 14.09 ± 0.52 | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 84 | K92 | 5.69 ± 1.84 | ND | 2.63 ± 0.20 | 24.43 ± 0.85 | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 85 | M15 | 14.26 ± 1.40 | ND | 4.92 ± 0.19 | ND | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 86 | M18 | 21.35 ± 2.17 | 27.36 ± 1.19 | 2.54 ± 0.41 | ND | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 87 | M34 | 8.10 ± 1.10 | ND | 4.32 ± 0.31 | ND | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 88 | M36 | 3.09 ± 1.20 | ND | 2.65 ± 0.18 | ND | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – |
*The values represent mean value (n=3), ± (standard deviation, SE), (+) activity or growth, (-) represents negative activity or no growth. IAA - Indole Acetic Acid production; P solubilization - Phosphate solubilization; 1 - F. oxysporum (MTCC 284); 2 - P. hypobrunnea (ITCC 4141); 3 - R. solani (MTCC 4633); 4 - N. sphaerica (KJ767520); 5 - P. lamaensis (ITCC 292); 6 - E. vexans (ITCC 938). ND, not defined.