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. 2022 Nov 9;13:980231. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980231

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Copyright © 2022 Gao, Fang, Liang, Deng, Chen, Zeng and Luo

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Potential application of circRNAs in the treatment of COVID-19. CircRNAs are a new class of regulatory factors that mediate host–virus interactions. The identification and isolation of exosome-associated circRNAs, virus-encoded circRNAs, and significantly DE circRNAs after SARS-CoV-2 infection may be helpful in the diagnosis of COVID-19. In addition, circRNAs may serve as potential therapeutic targets against COVID-19 by indirectly regulating the expression of host receptors, such as ACE2 and AXL, that bind to SARS-CoV-2; HIF-1α and other signalling pathways related to the immune response; and multiple signalling pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Additionally, vaccines based on circRNAs and antisense circRNAs have shown initial effectiveness in preventing and inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. The coloured arrows in the figure are only for the convenience of differentiation and have no special meaning.