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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 23.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Immunol. 2021 Apr 15;42(5):401–417. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2021.03.006

Figure 1. Relationship between immunometabolism, oxygen, and epigenetics.

Figure 1.

Numerous metabolic intermediates as well as oxygen availability affect the cellular epigenome. The effects of hypoxia are indicated in orange.

Abbreviations: 2-HG, 2-hydroxyglutarate; a-KG, α-ketoglutarate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate;; b-OHB, β-hydroxybutyric acid; DNMT, DNA methyltransferases; GLS, glutaminase; GLUD1, glutamate dehydrogenase 1; HAT, histone acetyl transferase; Hcy, homocysteine; HDAC, histone deacetylases; HMT, histone methyltransferases; JmjC, Jumonji N/C terminal domains; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; LSTase, lysine succyniltransferase; NAD+/NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAM, nicotinamide; O2-, superoxide; oxphos, oxidative phosphorylation; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S-adenosyl-methionine; SIRT, sirtuin; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; TET, ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases