Table 1.
Patient demographics.
| Total (n = 4462) | Metformin (n = 1021) | No Metformin (n = 3441) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 64.38 (16.19) | 67.14 (12.47) | 63.56 (17.01) | <0.0001 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.53 | |||
| Male | 2367 (53.1) | 533 (52.2) | 1834 (53.3) | |
| Female | 2094 (46.9) | 488 (47.8) | 1606 (46.7) | |
| Race, n (%) | <0.01 | |||
| White | 461 (11.3) | 89 (9.5) | 372 (11.9) | |
| Black | 1681 (41.3) | 395 (42.1) | 1286 (41.0) | |
| Asian | 111 (2.7) | 39 (4.2) | 72 (2.3) | |
| Other | 1822 (44.7) | 416 (44.3) | 1406 (44.8) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.33 | |||
| Hispanic | 1659 (41.5) | 366 (40.1) | 1293 (41.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 2341 (58.5) | 547 (59.9) | 1794 (58.1) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 1886 (42.3) | 594 (58.2) | 1292 (37.5) | |
| No | 2576 (57.7) | 427 (41.8) | 2149 (62.5) | |
| Peripheral Artery Disease, n (%) | 0.06 | |||
| Yes | 50 (1.1) | 17 (1.7) | 33 (1.0) | |
| No | 4412 (98.9) | 1004 (98.3) | 3408 (99.0) | |
| Coronary Artery Disease, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 366 (8.2) | 137 (13.4) | 229 (6.7) | |
| No | 4096 (91.8) | 884 (86.6) | 3212 (93.3) | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 29.62 (7.46) | 30.45 (7.67) | 29.36 (7.38) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease, n (%) | 0.71 | |||
| Yes | 313 (7.0) | 69 (6.8) | 244 (7.1) | |
| No | 4149 (93.0) | 952 (93.2) | 3197 (92.9) | |
| Sulfonylurea, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 424 (9.5) | 301 (29.5) | 123 (3.6) | |
| No | 4038 (90.5) | 720 (70.5) | 3318 (96.4) | |
| DPP4 Inhibitor, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 529 (11.9) | 372 (36.4) | 157 (4.6) | |
| No | 3933 (88.1) | 649 (63.6) | 3284 (95.4) | |
|
GLP-1 Agonist, n (%) Yes |
177 (4.0) | 118 (11.6) | 59 (1.7) | <0.0001 |
| No | 4285 (96.0) | 903 (88.4) | 3382 (98.3) | |
| SGLT-2 Inhibitor, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 86 (1.9) | 71 (7.0) | 15 (0.4) | |
| No | 4376 (98.1) | 950 (93.0) | 3426 (99.6) | |
| Insulin, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 780 (17.5) | 374 (36.6) | 406 (11.8) | |
| No | 3682 (82.5) | 647 (63.4) | 3035 (88.2) | |
| HbA1c, mean (SD) | 7.02 (2.04) | 8.21 (2.12) | 6.52 (1.79) | <0.0001 |
| Anion Gap, mean (SD) | 16.72 (4.68) | 17.06 (4.67) | 16.62 (4.68) | <0.01 |
| Creatinine, mean (SD) | 2.02 (2.61) | 1.62 (1.67) | 2.14 (2.82) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR, mean (SD) | 56.00 (31.04) | 57.37 (28.33) | 55.59 (31.82) | 0.09 |
| Number of Medications, mean (SD) | 0.45 (0.85) | 1.21 (1.11) | 0.22 (0.58) | <0.0001 |