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. 2022 Nov 9;9:971913. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.971913

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Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Zou, Huang, Fan and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic diagram showing the design of the bidirectional MR analysis and the process of instrument selection. Assumption I: The selected genetic variants are associated with exposure. Assumption II: The genetic instruments are not associated with potential confounders. Assumption III: The genetic instruments are associated with outcome only through the pathway from exposure. The flow chart of genetic instruments selection is shown.