TABLE 1.
Group comparisons of clinical data, neuropsychological scores, and visual scores.
| Variables | NC (n = 20) | a-MCI (n = 33) | CSVD-MCI (n = 25) | χ2/F-value | P-value |
| Age (years) | 69.85 ± 9.326 | 72.33 ± 9.400 | 74.44 ± 7.995 | 1.460 | 0.239 |
| Male/Female | 8/12 | 12/21 | 15/10 | 3.471 | 0.176 |
| Education (years) | 11.10 ± 3.478 | 8.42 ± 5.238 | 9.80 ± 4.891 | 2.039 | 0.137 |
| Hypertension | 7 (35.0%) | 11 (33.3%) | 19 (76.0%) | 6.247 | 0.002†‡ |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (5.0%) | 8 (24.2%) | 4 (16.0%) | 3.197 | 0.182 |
| Hyperlipemia | 2 (10.0%) | 6 (18.2%) | 3 (12.0%) | 0.746 | 0.771 |
| Smoking | 2 (10.0%) | 2 (6.1%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0.678 | 0.712 |
| Drinking | 1 (5.0%) | 2 (6.1%) | 1 (4.0%) | 0.390 | 1.000 |
| MMSE | 28.10 ± 1.334 | 23.91 ± 3.565 | 25.16 ± 2.853 | 10.750 | <0.001ab |
| MoCA | 27.05 ± 1.905 | 21.67 ± 2.217 | 22.84 ± 2.734 | 29.363 | <0.001ab |
| RAVLT-IR | 43.90 ± 10.203 | 27.79 ± 9.178 | 29.48 ± 9.328 | 14.602 | <0.001ab |
| RAVLT-DR | 9.45 ± 3.591 | 3.82 ± 3.157 | 4.48 ± 3.164 | 17.685 | <0.001ab |
| VFT | 20.60 ± 3.394 | 14.64 ± 4.091 | 14.36 ± 3.616 | 16.373 | <0.001ab |
| DST | 13.60 ± 1.930 | 12.33 ± 1.915 | 11.76 ± 1.562 | 3.527 | 0.035b |
| CDT | 3.80 ± 0.616 | 3.33 ± 0.854 | 3.24 ± 0.926 | 1.894 | 0.158 |
| SCWT A (s) | 23.16 ± 6.382 | 30.65 ± 9.064 | 34.75 ± 11.626 | 5.568 | 0.006b |
| SCWT B (s) | 19.60 ± 5.474 | 24.70 ± 8.355 | 27.47 ± 9.079 | 3.524 | 0.035b |
| SCWT C (s) | 32.67 ± 9.361 | 40.86 ± 14.685 | 54.94 ± 29.742 | 6.075 | 0.004bc |
| SCWT A errors | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0.5) | 0 (0, 2.5) | 6.923 | 0.031b |
| SCWT B errors | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 1) | 1.057 | 0.589 |
| SCWT C errors | 0 (0, 1.75) | 1 (0, 3) | 4 (1.5, 8.5) | 14.598 | 0.001bc |
| HAMD | 0 (0, 3) | 1 (0, 4) | 0 (0, 4.5) | 1.166 | 0.558 |
| HAMA | 0 (0, 3) | 1 (0, 2.5) | 0 (0, 3.5) | 0.304 | 0.859 |
| ADL | 20.70 ± 2.364 | 22.67 ± 5.661 | 22.64 ± 7.158 | 0.971 | 0.384 |
| Fazekas scores | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 3 (1.25, 4) | 40.824 | <0.001bc |
| MTA scores | 1 (0.25, 1.75) | 2 (1, 3) | 1 (0, 2) | 10.835 | 0.002ac |
NC, normal controls; a-MCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; CSVD-MCI, mild cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral small vessel disease; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MoCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; RAVLT-IR, Rey auditory verbal learning test immediate recall; RAVLT-DR, Rey auditory verbal learning test delayed recall; VFT, verbal fluency test; DST, digital span test; CDT, clock drawing test; SCWT, Stroop color word test; HAMD, Hamilton depression rating scale; HAMA, Hamilton anxiety rating scale; ADL, activities of daily living; MTA, medial temporal lobe atrophy.
Post-hoc paired comparisons showed significant group differences: †P < 0.05/3 between NC and CSVD-MCI; ‡P < 0.05/3 between a-MCI and CSVD-MCI; aP < 0.05 between NC and a-MCI; bP < 0.05 between NC and CSVD-MCI; cP < 0.05 between a-MCI and CSVD-MCI.