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. 2022 Nov 9;13:874293. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874293

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Copyright © 2022 Mitsven, Perry, Jerry and Messinger.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proportion of time children spent in each activity context during each recording session. Children during COVID-19 were not required to wear masks during meal times (e.g., breakfast, snack time) or during outside play. Vocalizations that occurred during either meal time or outside play were excluded from analyses for both cohorts of children. The mean duration of meal time was 60.68 min (SD = 12.13) in the cohort observed before COVID-19 (Cohort 1) and 47.61 min (SD = 14.61) in the cohort observed during COVID-19 (Cohort 2). The mean duration of outside play was 35.16 min (SD = 18.30) in the cohort observed before COVID-19 (Cohort 1) and 56.70 min (SD = 16.45) in the cohort observed during COVID-19 (Cohort 2). Organized play includes periods in which children choose to work in stations in small groups led by a teacher doing pre-structured activities such as art projects. Personal care includes hand-washing and going to the bathroom. Not all children in the classroom attended therapy during a given recording session, thereby, the time spent in therapy reflects an average of the children who attended therapy during that recording session.