Table 2.

Comparison of Baseline 24-Hour Holter-ECG Findings, Time-Domain Heart Rate Variability, and Heart Rate Turbulence Parameters Between Dapagliflozin and Control Groups

	Dapagliflozin Group (n = 42)	Control Group (n = 38)	P
24-hour Holter-ECG findings
Recording duration, hours	23.2 ± 0.6	23.1 ± 0.5	.767
PVBs per hour, n	15.9 ± 20.7	15.1 ± 21.1	.877
PVBs percent	0.329 ± 0.424	0.315 ± 0.426	.916
Mean heart rate, beats/minute	81.6 ± 6.0	81.0 ± 5.4	.605
Mean RR interval, ms	746.1 ± 64.4	749.7 ± 65.7	.808
Heart rate variability parameters
SDNN, ms	102.1 ± 25.1	100.3 ± 24.1	.747
SDANN, ms	85.1 ± 22.4	82.9 ± 23.7	.681
SDNN index, ms	31.2 ± 15.4	31.0 ± 13.2	.952
RMSSD, ms	41.6 ± 28.3	39.2 ± 27.6	.765
pNN50, %	4.02 ± 3.33	4.13 ± 2.96	.680
Heart rate turbulence parameters
Turbulence onset	−0.0454 ± 0.0995	-0.0486 ± 0.0876	.880
Turbulence slope, ms/RR	3.64 ± 4.77	3.97 ± 4.61	.479
HRTc 0, numbers (%)	12 (28.6)	14 (36.8)	.731
HRTc 1, numbers (%)	19 (45.2)	15 (39.5)
HRTc 2, numbers (%)	11 (26.2)	9 (23.7)

HRTc, heart rate turbulence category; n, numbers; pNN50, percentage of successive normal to normal (NN) intervals that differ by more than 50 ms; PVBs, premature ventricular beats; RMSSD, root mean square of successive RR interval difference; SDANN, standard deviation (SD) of the average NN intervals for each 5-minute segment of the 24-hour recording; SDNN, SD of NN intervals; SDNN index, mean of the 5-minute SD of the NN interval calculated over 24 hours; ECG, electrocardiogram.