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. 2022 Nov 22;10:275. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00981-8

Table 2.

Regression coefficients of the relationships of positive parenting styles (predictors, in bold type) on the child’s eating behavior

Effect Estimate SE z-value1 p-value Standardized estimate
Parental involvement
 Food responsiveness −0.050 0.067 −0.753 .0451 −0.044
 Emotional overeating −0.096 0.085 −1.129 0.259 −0.075
 Enjoyment of food −0.089 0.082 −1.076 0.282 −0.066
 Satiety responsiveness −0.054 0.084 −0.638 0.524 −0.043
 Slowness in eating 0.021 0.078 0.274 0.784 0.017
 Emotional undereating −0.064 0.094 −0.677 0.498 −0.042
 Food fussiness −0.104 0.084 −1.245 0.213 −0.071
Positive parenting
 Food responsiveness −0.142 0.075 −1.890 0.059 −0.111
 Emotional overeating −0.234 0.096 −2.441 0.015 −0.160*
 Enjoyment of food −0.157 0.087 −1.805 0.071 −0.103
 Satiety responsiveness 0.020 0.088 0.233 0.816 0.014
 Slowness in eating 0.040 0.082 0.481 0.630 0.028
 Emotional undereating 0.028 0.097 0.283 0.777 0.016
 Food fussiness −0.117 0.089 −1.318 0.188 −0.070
Responsible parenting
 Food responsiveness −0.014 0.077 −0.187 0.852 −0.010
 Emotional overeating −0.036 0.100 −0.360 0.719 −0.022
 Enjoyment of food −0.194 0.089 −2.169 0.030 −0.112*
 Satiety responsiveness −0.007 0.097 −0.074 0.941 −0.004
 Slowness in eating −0.078 0.091 −0.857 0.391 −0.048
 Emotional undereating 0.017 0.111 0.152 0.879 0.009
 Food fussiness −0.070 0.096 −0.724 0.469 −0.037

Cohen's classification for effect sizes are .1 to be small, .3 to be medium, and .5 to be large.

*p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.

1Statistic for the test of regression coefficients against 0