Table 3.
Factors that may affect drug demand patterns during COVID-19 in Yemen as perceived by the participants (N = 330)
| Drug categories | Pharmacy parameters cross-tabulated with the drug demand patterns | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacy type | District category | |||
| Community | Hospital | Unstable districts | Front-line districts | |
| 1. Antibiotics | ||||
| Increased | 95.6 (218) | 94.3 (66) | 96.0 (240) | 92.5 (74) |
| Unchanged | 4.4 (10) | 5.7 (4) | 4.0 (10) | 7.5 (6) |
| P value | 0.746* | 0.232* | ||
| Pearson Chi-square value | 0.211 | 1.609 | ||
| 2. Antivirals | ||||
| Increased | 25.9 (59) | 35.7 (25) | 30.8 (77) | 25.0 (20) |
| Unchanged | 74.1 (169) | 64.3 (45) | 69.2 (173) | 75.0 (60) |
| P value | 0.110* | 0.526* | ||
| Pearson Chi-square value | 2.560 | 1.40 | ||
| 3. Antimalarials | ||||
| Increased | 64.5 (147) | 52.9 (37) | 60.0 (150) | 65.0 (52) |
| Unchanged | 35.8 (81) | 47.1 (33) | 40.0 (100) | 35.0 (28) |
| P value | 0.08* | 0.652# | ||
| Pearson Chi-square value | 3.060 | 1.271 | ||
| 4. Anxiolytics and sedatives | ||||
| Increased | 70.2 (160) | 70.0 (49) | 71.2 (178) | 68.7 (55) |
| Unchanged | 29.8 (68) | 30.0 (21) | 28.8 (72) | 31.3 (25) |
| P value | 0.978# | 0.675# | ||
| Pearson Chi-square value | 0.001 | 0.175 | ||
| 5. Antithrombotic | ||||
| Increased | 66.2 (151) | 64.3 (45) | 67.2 (168) | 66.3 (53) |
| Unchanged | 33.8 (77) | 35.7 (25) | 32.8 (82) | 33.7 (27) |
| P value | 0.764# | 0.875# | ||
| Pearson Chi-square value | 0.090 | 0.025 | ||
| 6. Analgesics and antipyretics | ||||
| Increased | 99.1 (226) | 98.6 (69) | 99.2 (248) | 97.5 (78) |
| Unchanged | 0.9 (1) | 1.4 (2) | 0.8 (2) | 2.5 (2) |
| P value | 0.554* | 0.248* | ||
| Pearson Chi-square value | 0.163 | 1.463 | ||
| 7. Vitamins and supplements | ||||
| Increased | 94.7 (216) | 85.7 (60) | 94.0 (235) | 90.0 (72) |
| Unchanged | 5.3 (12) | 14.3 (10) | 6.0 (15) | 10.0 (8) |
| P value | 0.012# | 0.221# | ||
| Pearson Chi-square value | 6.376 | 1.496 | ||
| 8. Ondansetron with antimalarials or macrolides | ||||
| Increased | 83.7 (169) | 82.5 (52) | 87.7 (192) | 75.3 (55) |
| Unchanged | 16.3 (33) | 17.5 (11) | 12.3 (27) | 24.7 (18) |
| P value | 0.924* | 0.026# | ||
| Pearson Chi-square value | 12.787 | 7.310 | ||
*p values were calculated using Fisher's exact test, #p values were calculated using Pearson Chi-square test