Table 1.

Impact of the drinking water chlorination intervention on children’s carriage and concentrations of ESBL-E. coli and ESBL-KESC controlling for study site and age ($n=470$ for all models).

Outcomes	Constant		Intervention (Ref: control)		Dhaka (Ref: Tongi)		Age (16–30 months) (Ref: age $<16$ months)		Age ($>30\text{\hspace{0.17em}months}$) (Ref: age $<16$ months)
	RR (95% CI) or $\text{e}\text{s}\text{t}\text{i}\text{m}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\pm \text{S}\text{E}$	Pr ($>|z|$) or Pr ($>|t|$)	RR (95% CI) or $\text{e}\text{s}\text{t}\text{i}\text{m}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\pm \text{S}\text{E}$	Pr ($>|z|$) or Pr ($>|t|$)	RR (95% CI) or $\text{e}\text{s}\text{t}\text{i}\text{m}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\pm \text{S}\text{E}$	Pr ($>|z|$) or Pr ($>|t|$)	RR (95% CI) or $\text{e}\text{s}\text{t}\text{i}\text{m}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\pm \text{S}\text{E}$	Pr ($>|z|$) or Pr ($>|t|$)	RR (95% CI) or $\text{e}\text{s}\text{t}\text{i}\text{m}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\pm \text{S}\text{E}$	Pr ($>|z|$) or Pr ($>|t|$)
ESBL-E.coli carriage	0.61 (0.45, 0.82)a	0.001a	0.98 (0.78, 1.23)	0.85	0.78 (0.61, 0.98)a	0.04a	1.07 (0.76, 1.54)	0.69	1.29 (0.96, 1.78)	0.10
ESBL-KESC carriage	0.13 (0.06, 0.24)a	$<0.001$ a	0.76 (0.44, 1.28)	0.31	0.83 (0.47, 1.44)	0.52	1.47 (0.69, 3.27)	0.33	1.03 (0.52, 2.25)	0.93
ESBL-E.coli concentration	$3.04\pm 0.19$ a	$<0.001$ a	$0.12\pm 0.15$	0.41	$-0.38\pm 0.15$ a	0.01a	$0.15\pm 0.21$	0.49	$0.22\pm 0.19$	0.23
ESBL-KESC concentration	$1.95\pm 0.11$ a	$<0.001$ a	$-0.10\pm 0.06$	0.08	$-0.05\pm 0.06$	0.42	$0.17\pm 0.09$	0.05	$0.00\pm 0.08$	0.95

Note: The difference and associated significance in the carriage between the intervention and the control group following exposure to the drinking water intervention were determined using modified Poisson regression. Impacts on concentrations were determined using multiple linear regression. Constant estimates refers to the average prevalence of ESBL-E. coli carriage (or other outcomes) when all variables are at their reference levels (e.g., prevalence in the control group, Tongi study site, among children $<16$ months of age). Adj, adjusted; AIC, Akaike information criterion; CI, confidence interval; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing; KESC, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., and Citrobacter spp. group; Ref, reference; RR, relative risk; SE, standard error.

^a Variables are statistically significant as defined at $\mathrm{\alpha }=0.05$.