EARLYRRT 2018.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: parallel, open‐label RCT Duration of study: November 2012 to November 2014 Duration of follow‐up: 28 days
Participants	Setting: single centre Country: Thailand Critically ill patients ≥ 18 years diagnosed with AKI by RIFLE criteria; high plasma NGAL ≥ 400 ng/mL Number: intervention group (20); control group (20) Mean age ± SD (years): 66.8 ±15.9 years Sex (M/F): 22/18 Exclusion criteria: life expectancy < 24 hours; kidney failure; SCr > 2 mg/dL in males or > 1.5 mg/dL in females; previous kidney transplantation and pregnancy
Interventions	KRT modality CKRT Intervention group Early‐strategy group: CKRT was started within 12 hours after randomisation Control group Standard‐strategy group: CKRT was started when the patients fulfilled the following criteria: Severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.20) Hyperkalaemia (> 6.2 mmol/L) Severe pulmonary oedema refractory to diuretics Persistent oliguria or anuria and urea > 40 mg/dL
Outcomes	Primary outcomes Death at day 28 Secondary outcomes on day 28 after randomisation Ventilator‐free days ICU‐free days Dialysis‐dependent Fluid balance Recovery of kidney function Adverse events (KRT‐related complications).
Notes	Funding source: financial support was provided by Ratchadapiseksomphot endowment fund, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn University The study was facilitated by Excellence Center for critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomisation with sequentially numbered containers into two groups, using computer‐generated method
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Central allocation process
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement (for kidney recovery was unclear risk but for death was low risk)
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	The outcome measurement is not likely to be influenced by lack of blinding
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Complete outcome data were reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	The study reported death, kidney function recovery and adverse events
Other bias	Low risk	Quote: "Alere provided pNGAL kits for use in this study. The company had no influence on the study design or analysis or on the content of this article."