Sugahara 2004.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Duration of study: January 1995 to December 1997 Duration of follow‐up: 14 days
Participants	Setting: single‐centre Country: Japan Critically ill patients with AKI following coronary artery bypass graft who received KRT when hourly urinary output became ≤ 30 mL/hour and SCr increased at the rate ≥ 0.5 mg/dL/day Number: intervention group (18); control group (18) Mean age ± SD (years): intervention group (65 ± 3); control group (64 ± 2) Sex (M/F): intervention group (9/5); control group (9/5) Exclusion criteria: patients who were pregnant; severe hepatic dysfunction (serum bilirubin level ≥ 5.0 mg/dL); mental disorders; cancer; patients with proteinuria ≥ 2.0 g or SCr ≥ 1.4 mg/dL before surgery
Interventions	KRT modality CVVH Anticoagulation: nafamostat mesylate Intervention group Early‐start CKRT: when hourly urinary output became < 30 mL/hour for 3 consecutive hours (or daily urinary output ≤ 750 mL) Conventional‐start CKRT: When hourly urinary output became < 20 mL/hour for 2 consecutive hours (or daily urinary output ≤ 500 mL) Co‐interventions Not reported
Outcomes	Primary outcome Survival at day 14 Secondary outcome Recovery of kidney function
Notes	Funding source: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement Quote: "All patients were divided randomly into two groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Outcome measurement was unlikely to be influenced by lack of blinding (for kidney recovery was unclear risk but for death was low risk)
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	The outcome measurement is not likely to be influenced by lack of blinding
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	> 20% of included patients not reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	The study reported survival and kidney function recovery
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement