| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Abe 2010c | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| AKIKI 2 2019 | Wrong intervention: delayed arm and more delayed arm |
| Albino 2014 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Ambrós Checa 1995 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Andrade 1997 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed (evaluated CAVHF) |
| ATN 2005 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed (compared the survival and kidney recovery in critically ill patients treated with intensive versus less‐intensive KRT) |
| Augustine 2004 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Badawy 2013 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed (compared the efficacy of CVVHDF and EDD in patients with AKI after cardiac surgery) |
| Baldwin 2007 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed (compared EDD with HF or CVVHF with regard to fluid removal and haemodynamics) |
| Berg 2007 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Berger 2004 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Boussekey 2008 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Boyle 1995 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Cole 2001 | Wrong intervention: timing of RRT initiation was not assessed |
| Cole 2002 | Outcomes of interest not investigated: evaluated the effect of early and CVVHF on the plasma concentrations of several humoral mediators of inflammation in septic patients |
| CRITERIA 2012 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Daud 2006 | Wrong intervention: timing of RRT initiation was not assessed |
| Davenport 1991 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Davenport 1993a | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Davies 2008 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| de Pont 2006 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Durmaz 2003 | Wrong population: the presence of AKI was no obligatory condition for enrolment in the early arm |
| Gabriel 2008 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed (compared the role of HVPD to daily HD in patients with AKI; HVPD was not included in this review) |
| Garcia‐Fernandez 2000 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Gasparovic 2003 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| George 2011 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Ghani 2006 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Gillum 1986 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Haase 2007b | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed; high‐adsorption CVVHD was not included in this review |
| Han 2015 | Wrong population: the presence of AKI was no obligatory condition for enrolment in the early arm |
| HAN‐D‐OUT 2009 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| HEROICS 2015 | Wrong population: the presence of AKI was no obligatory condition for enrolment in the early arm |
| Hoste 1995 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Jamale 2013 | Wrong population: included patients with AKI, but ICU stay was no obligatory condition for enrolment in the early arm |
| Jeffrey 1994 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| John 2001 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Jones 1998 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Kellum 1998 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Kielstein 2004 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Kielstein 2005 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Kierdorf 1995 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Klouche 2007 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Koo 2006 | Wrong population: the presence of AKI was no obligatory condition for enrolment in the early arm |
| Kumar 2004 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Lentini 2009 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed (compared pulse high volume HF and coupled plasma filtration adsorption in septic shock patients) |
| Manns 1996 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Maxvold 2000 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Mehta 2001 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Meloni 1996 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Misset 1996 | Outcomes of interest not assessed: evaluated the haemodynamic response to IHF and continuous HF in ICU patients with AKI |
| Morgera 2004 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Morgera 2006 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Noble 2006 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| OMAKI 2012 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Oudemans‐van‐Straaten 2009a | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Paganini 1996 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Park 2016 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Payen 2009 | Wrong population: the presence of AKI was no obligatory condition for enrolment in the early arm |
| Pettila 2001 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Ponce 2011 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Ponce 2013 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Pursnani 1997 | Wrong population: included patients with AKI, but ICU stay was no obligatory condition for enrolment in the early arm |
| Ratanarat 2012 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| RENAL 2006 | Wrong study design: 2 records of this study assessed timing of CKRT, but were not RCTs (retrospective nested cohort) |
| RESCUE 2012 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Ricci 2006 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Ronco 1999a | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Ronco 2000a | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Ronco 2001 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Saudan 2006 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Schiffl 1997 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Schiffl 2002 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| SHARF 2009 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Stefanidis 1995 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Storck 1991 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Tan 2001 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Tolwani 2008 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Uehlinger 2005 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| van der Voort 2005 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Vinsonneau 2006 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Wynckel 1998 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Wynckel 2004 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Zhang 2004a | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Zhao 2009a | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
| Zimmerman 1999 | Wrong intervention: timing of KRT initiation was not assessed |
AKI: acute kidney injury; CAVHF: continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration; CVVHDF: continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration; EDD: extended daily dialysis; HD: haemodialysis; HF: haemofiltration; HVPD: high volume peritoneal dialysis; ICU: intensive care unit; IHF: intermittent haemofiltration; KRT: kidney replacement therapy; RCT: randomised controlled trial