Table 3.

HRs with 95 per cent confidence intervals comparing all-cause mortality rate between patients treated at different volume hospitals

	Univariable*	Multivariable†	Multivariable‡	Multivariable by hospital type§
				Non-university	University
Overall survival
Hospital pT4 volume 1–10	1	1	1	1	1
11–19	0.89 (0.81–0.98)	0.91 (0.80–1.03)	0.95 (0.84–1.07)	0.92 (0.80–1.05)	0.84 (0.59–1.20)
>19	0.71 (0.65–0.79)	0.76 (0.62–0.93)	0.81 (0.68–0.97)	0.77 (0.60–1.00)	0.70 (0.50–0.98)
Colonic cancer-specific survival
Hospital pT4 volume 1–10	1	1	1	1	1
11–19	0.88 (0.78–0.99)	0.92 (0.79–1.07)	0.98 (0.84–1.14)	0.92 (0.78–1.08)	0.88 (0.56–1.40)
>19	0.65 (0.57–0.74)	0.73 (0.59–0.91)	0.81 (0.67–0.97)	0.76 (0.59–0.98)	0.66 (0.43–1.02)

Values are HR (95 per cent c.i.). Data include 5241 patients with locally advanced colonic cancer. *Estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for the underlying timescale. †Estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model additionally adjusted for sex, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, university hospital, ASA score, CCI, and emergency resection. ‡Estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted as in (†) but additionally including potential mediating factors (preoperative MDT assessment, radical resection, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and surgical experience). §Estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted as in (†) but additionally including university hospital as an effect modifier. CCI, Charlson co-morbidity index; MDT, multidisciplinary team.