Table 2.
Mean Biological Age Acceleration Over Follow-Up by Exacerbation and Mitigation Factors: CARDIA, 1995–2015
| N | Mean change in biological age accelerationa (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| John Henryism | ||
| Low | 431 | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) |
| High | 427 | 0.12 (0.10, 0.15) |
| Racial discrimination | ||
| None | 315 | 0.14 (0.11, 0.17) |
| Less than three domains | 231 | 0.11 (0.08, 0.14) |
| Three or more domains | 304 | 0.09 (0.06, 0.12) |
| Neighborhood cohesion | ||
| Low | 177 | 0.14 (0.11, 0.18) |
| Medium | 274 | 0.11 (0.08, 0.15) |
| High | 389 | 0.10 (0.08, 0.13) |
| Neighborhood resources | ||
| First quartile | 155 | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) |
| Second quartile | 184 | 0.12 (0.08, 0.15) |
| Third quartile | 252 | 0.11 (0.08, 0.14) |
| Fourth quartile | 261 | 0.12 (0.09, 0.15) |
| Social ties | ||
| 0–2 | 200 | 0.14 (0.10, 0.18) |
| 2.5 | 173 | 0.11 (0.08, 0.16) |
| 3–5 | 194 | 0.11 (0.07, 0.14) |
| 6 or more | 302 | 0.11 (0.08, 0.14) |
| Social support | ||
| None—a little | 15 | 0.15 (0.03, 0.29) |
| A little | 96 | 0.14 (0.08, 0.19) |
| Some | 128 | 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) |
| More than some—a lot | 605 | 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) |
| Social strain | ||
| None—a little | 225 | 0.10 (0.06, 0.13) |
| A little | 432 | 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) |
| Some | 119 | 0.12 (0.08, 0.17) |
| More than some—a lot | 68 | 0.15 (0.10, 0.21) |
Notes: CARDIA = Coronary Artery Risk in Young Adults Study; CI = confidence interval.
aBiological age acceleration is the difference between biological age and chronological age over follow-up.