Table 3.
Logistic Regression Odds Ratios for Older Adults’ Receipt of Functional and Health Support From Children (n = 2,288)
| Functional | Health | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Living arrangement (alone) | ||||||
| With spouse/partner | 0.789 (0.137) | 1.222 (0.249) | 1.039 (0.254) | 0.384*** (0.0645) | 0.486*** (0.0898) | 0.630* (0.126) |
| With children | 6.103*** (1.219) | 5.694*** (1.268) | 5.064*** (1.212) | 3.005*** (0.595) | 2.405*** (0.557) | 2.222*** (0.429) |
| Age (60–69) | ||||||
| 70–79 | 1.697** (0.305) | 1.700** (0.301) | 1.108 (0.183) | 1.117 (0.176) | ||
| 80+ | 4.886*** (1.071) | 4.841*** (1.057) | 2.282** (0.650) | 2.359** (0.637) | ||
| Gender (women) | ||||||
| Men | 0.292*** (0.0703) | 0.155*** (0.0776) | 0.361*** (0.0955) | 0.491* (0.140) | ||
| Children | ||||||
| Number of living children | 1.120*** (0.0331) | 1.127*** (0.0338) | 1.088* (0.0436) | 1.082* (0.0413) | ||
| Education (less than high school) | ||||||
| High school/general education diploma | 0.841 (0.161) | 0.828 (0.156) | 0.535*** (0.0934) | 0.553*** (0.0955) | ||
| College and beyond | 0.655 (0.170) | 0.652 (0.166) | 0.357*** (0.0722) | 0.368*** (0.0744) | ||
| Perceived income inadequacy (none) | ||||||
| Sometimes | 1.193 (0.193) | 1.189 (0.192) | 1.157 (0.203) | 1.218 (0.215) | ||
| Frequently | 1.312 (0.395) | 1.314 (0.391) | 1.652* (0.419) | 1.756* (0.430) | ||
| Chronic conditions (none) | ||||||
| 1 condition | 1.151 (0.395) | 1.163 (0.397) | 1.450 (0.656) | 1.526 (0.696) | ||
| 2 conditions | 1.501 (0.525) | 1.517 (0.527) | 2.096 (0.922) | 2.179 (0.962) | ||
| 3 conditions | 1.692 (0.595) | 1.697 (0.594) | 1.935 (0.868) | 2.034 (0.904) | ||
| 4+ conditions | 1.869 (0.632) | 1.852 (0.627) | 2.176 (1.088) | 2.220 (1.065) | ||
| IADL limitations (none) | ||||||
| At least one IADL limitation | Omitted | Omitted | 1.106 (0.242) | 1.122 (0.234) | ||
| ADL limitations (none) | ||||||
| At least one ADL limitation | 2.632*** (0.491) | 2.658*** (0.496) | 1.565* (0.304) | 1.559* (0.305) | ||
| Received functional support from others (no) | ||||||
| Received at least one form from others | 0.539* (0.133) | 0.550* (0.134) | Omitted | Omitted | ||
| Provided grandchild care (no) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.012 (0.174) | 1.007 (0.173) | 1.335 (0.215) | 1.380* (0.215) | ||
| Interactions | ||||||
| Living arrangement × gender | ||||||
| With spouse/partner × men | 2.206 (1.197) | 0.439* (0.178) | ||||
| With children × men | 2.053 (1.114) | 1.659 (0.879) | ||||
| F test | 59.60*** | 13.09*** | 11.64*** | 76.39*** | 18.17*** | 16.73*** |
Notes: Standard errors in parentheses. ADL = activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.
Source: Authors’ own calculations, Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions (PREHCO) 2006–2007.