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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2022 Oct 28;45(12):928–941. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.002

Figure 3: Enteric Neuron/ILC3 Crosstalk.

Figure 3:

VIP-expressing enteric neurons are activated by feeding and other stimuli. VIP activates ILC3s via VIPR2 activation, inducing IL-22 expression and promoting host defense. This pathway is most effective in the presence of alarmins, i.e. in the setting of an enteric pathogen. Enteric glia activate RET expressing ILC3s by producing RET ligands in a microbiota-dependent manner. Glia and other cells in the intestine also express RET co-receptors to allow trans-activation of RET signaling ILC3s, which do not express the co-receptors autonomously. Figure generated using BioRender.com.