TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics
| UCSD (USA) cohort | Yokohama (Japan) cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 234) | (n = 314) | p | |
| Age (years) | 54 (42–63) | 61 (51–71) | <0.001 |
| Gender, male (%) | 103 (44.0%) | 170 (31.4%) | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.5 (28–35) | 27.4 (25–31) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 95 (40.6%) | 189 (60.2%) | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 35 (26–50) | 40 (29–57) | 0.01 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 48 (34–73) | 46 (30–70) | 0.1 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 230 (184–282) | 202 (150–241) | <0.001 |
| FIB-4 | 1.19 (0.8–1.8) | 1.87 (1.1–3.2) | <0.001 |
| FIB-4 < 1.6 | 167 (71.4%) | 137 (43.6%) | <0.001 |
| FIB-4 ≥ 1.6 | 67 (28.6%) | 177 (56.4%) | |
| MRI findings | |||
| Liver stiffness by MRE (kPa) | 2.47 (2.1–3.3) | 4.01 (2.6–5.4) | <0.001 |
| MRE < 3.3 kPa | 172 (73.5%) | 118 (37.6%) | <0.001 |
| MRE ≥ 3.3 kPa | 62 (26.5%) | 196 (62.4%) | |
| MEFIB index | |||
| MEFIB rule-in (MRE ≥ 3.3 kPa + FIB-4 ≥ 1.6) | 34 (14.5%) | 149 (47.5%) | <0.001 |
| MEFIB rule-out (MRE <3.3 kPa + FIB-4 < 1.6) | 139 (59.4%) | 90 (28.7%) | |
| MEFIB indeterminate | 61 (26.1%) | 75 (23.9%) | |
| FibroScan findings | |||
| Liver stiffness by VCTE (kPa) | 6.8 (5.0–10) | 9.8 (6.3–15) | <0.001 |
| CAP (dB/m) | 320 (285–354) | 291 (249–319) | <0.001 |
| Probe type | <0.001 | ||
| M probe | 136 (58.1%) | 276 (87.9%) | |
| XL probe | 98 (41.9%) | 38 (12.1%) | |
| FAST score | 0.38 (0.23–0.57) | 0.46 (0.26–0.64) | 0.005 |
| FAST ≥ 0.67 | 35 (15.0%) | 65 (20.7%) | 0.03 |
| FAST ≤ 0.35 | 111 (47.4%) | 116 (36.9%) | |
| FAST 0.36–0.66 (indeterminate) | 88 (37.6%) | 133 (42.4%) | |
| Histological findingsa | |||
| Fibrosis stage | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 87 (37.2%) | 15 (4.8%) | |
| 1 | 78 (33.3%) | 91 (29.0%) | |
| 2 | 28 (12.0%) | 63 (20.1%) | |
| 3 | 24 (10.2%) | 100 (31.8%) | |
| 4 | 17 (7.3%) | 45 (14.3%) | |
| Steatosis grade | 0.7 | ||
| 0 | 16 (6.8%) | 15 (4.8%) | |
| 1 | 109 (46.6%) | 143 (45.5%) | |
| 2 | 79 (33.8%) | 111 (35.4%) | |
| 3 | 30 (12.8%) | 45 (14.3%) | |
| Lobular inflammation | 0.004 | ||
| 0 | 17 (7.3%) | 4 (1.3%) | |
| 1 | 136 (58.1%) | 185 (58.9%) | |
| 2 | 74 (31.6%) | 115 (36.6%) | |
| 3 | 7 (3.0%) | 10 (3.2%) | |
| Hepatocellular ballooning | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 106 (45.3%) | 83 (26.4%) | |
| 1 | 107 (45.7%) | 195 (62.1%) | |
| 2 | 21 (9.0%) | 36 (11.5%) | |
| NAS | 4 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | 0.007 |
Note: Data are shown as median (IQR). p value indicates difference between UCSD cohort and Yokohama cohort.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; NAS, NAFLD activity score.
a
NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System is used.