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. 2022 Nov 23;17(11):e0271560. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271560

Fig 3. The effects of hydroxychloroquine on PIGF and VEGF gene expression and secretion in HUVECs and placental explants isolated from normal and preeclamptic placentas, respectively.

Fig 3

HUVECs (a) and placental explants (b) treated with the highest dose (20μM) of hydroxychloroquine have on average higher mRNA expression and secretion of PlGF from HUVECs (c) is significantly elevated, compared to vehicle treated controls. Higher doses of hydroxychloroquine (5μM and 20μM) also showed an increase in VEGF expression in HUVECs (d) and placental explants (e). Data are means ± SEM of minimum three independent experiments. *p<0.05, (Friedman test).