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. 2022 Nov 23;17(11):e0271560. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271560

Fig 4. The effects of hydroxychloroquine on HUVEC secretion of sFlt-1 and sENG and endothelial cell dysfunction gene markers.

Fig 4

Hydroxychloroquine treatment of HUVECs did not change sFlt-1 (a) or sENG (b) secretion. Hydroxychloroquine did not reduce sFlt-1 secretion in the presence of TNFα. TNFα stimulation significantly increases VCAM (d) and ET1 (e) expression in HUVECs, compared to untreated control cells. Hydroxychloroquine treatment appeared to lower VCAM expression, in a non-significant dose dependent manner (d), however, ET1 levels remain unchanged (e). Adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs increases under TNFα stimulation and hydroxychloroquine treatment does not reliably reverse this outcome (f). Data are means ± SEM of minimum three independent experiments.