Table 1. Maternal characteristics by prenatal cannabis use, British Columbia, Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador 2012–2019.
| Maternal characteristics | Cannabis use | No cannabis use | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 20,410) | (N = 1,031,360) | ||||
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Fiscal Yeara | |||||
| 2012/2013 | 2,187 | 1.5 | 142,313 | 98.5 | <0.0001 |
| 2013/2014 | 2,310 | 1.6 | 142,687 | 98.4 | |
| 2014/2015 | 2,788 | 1.9 | 142,017 | 98.1 | |
| 2015/2016 | 2,782 | 1.8 | 150,051 | 98.2 | |
| 2016/2017 | 3,129 | 2.1 | 148,222 | 97.9 | |
| 2017/2018 | 3,271 | 2.2 | 147,695 | 97.8 | |
| 2018/2019 | 3,607 | 2.5 | 143,360 | 97.6 | |
| Maternal age | |||||
| <20 | 2,329 | 11.4 | 15,859 | 1.5 | <0.0001 |
| 20–24 | 6,516 | 31.9 | 104,691 | 10.2 | |
| 25–29 | 5,997 | 29.4 | 288,020 | 27.9 | |
| 30–34 | 3,880 | 19.0 | 390,930 | 37.9 | |
| 35–39 | 1,456 | 7.1 | 195,834 | 19.0 | |
| ≥40 | 232 | 1.1 | 36,026 | 3.5 | |
| Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (kg/m2)b | |||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 1,733 | 10.1 | 52,055 | 5.8 | <0.0001 |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 8,662 | 50.6 | 484,620 | 53.9 | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 3,584 | 20.9 | 208,563 | 23.2 | |
| Obese (≥30) | 3,148 | 18.4 | 154,274 | 17.2 | |
| Missing | 3,283 | 16.1 | 131,848 | 12.8 | |
| Rural residence | 4,103 | 20.1 | 113,580 | 11.0 | <0.0001 |
| Neighborhood income | |||||
| Lowest quintile | 6,987 | 34.2 | 187,459 | 18.2 | <0.0001 |
| Medium-low quintile | 4,607 | 22.6 | 193,627 | 18.8 | |
| Middle quintile | 3,962 | 19.4 | 222,405 | 21.6 | |
| Medium-high quintile | 3,258 | 16.0 | 246,890 | 23.9 | |
| Highest quintile | 1,596 | 7.8 | 180,979 | 17.6 | |
| Nulliparous | 11,518 | 56.4 | 440,622 | 42.7 | <0.0001 |
| Infant sex | |||||
| Female | 9,939 | 48.7 | 503,829 | 48.9 | 0.9 |
| Male | 10,469 | 51.3 | 527,446 | 51.1 | |
| Prenatal tobacco use | 11,232 | 55.0 | 80,379 | 7.8 | <0.0001 |
| Prenatal alcohol use | 2,768 | 13.6 | 17,417 | 1.7 | <0.0001 |
| Other substance usec | 2,667 | 13.1 | 9,574 | 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| Pre-existing diabetes | 118 | 0.6 | 5,834 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Gestational diabetes | 986 | 4.8 | 66,991 | 6.5 | <0.0001 |
| Pre-existing hypertension | 82 | 0.4 | 4,750 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Gestational hypertension | 616 | 3.0 | 30,375 | 3.0 | 0.5 |
| Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia | 445 | 2.2 | 20,153 | 2.0 | 0.02 |
Note: Includes pregnant individuals who delivered both live and stillbirths.
a Frequencies shown for cannabis use by each fiscal year.
b Frequencies shown exclude missing values due to 13% missing in the total sample.
c Includes solvents, cocaine, methadone, heroin and opioids.