Table 2.

Effect of thalamotomy on cognition across all surgical techniques

Domain	Studies included	n	SMD	95% CI	P-value	Heterogeneity
Global cognition	Fukuda et al.26; Jung et al.25; Sperling et al.18; Witjas et al.5	98	−0.10	−0.38, 0.18	0.48	Q = 0.74, P = 0.86; I2 = 0.00%
Executive function	Gasca-Salas et al.27; Jung et al.25; Martínez-Fernández et al.41; Nijhawan et al.16; Schuurman et al.17; Sperling et al.18	129	−0.09	−0.33, 0.15	0.48	Q = 4.38, P = 0.48; I2 = 0.00%
Phonemic fluency	Gasca-Salas et al.27; Jung et al.25; Martínez-Fernández et al.41; Nijhawan et al.16; Sperling et al.18; Witjas et al.5	148	−0.29	−0.52, −0.05	0.017*	Q = 5.16, P = 0.40; I2 = 3.04%
Semantic fluency	Fukuda et al.26; Gasca-Salas et al.27; Jung et al.25; Martínez-Fernández et al.41; Nijhawan et al.16; Schuurman et al.17; Sperling et al.18; Witjas et al.5	193	−0.19	−0.40, −0.01	0.056	Q = 2.26, P = 0.94; I2 = 0.00%
Verbal memory: immediate recall	Fukuda et al.26; Gasca-Salas et al.27; Jung et al.25; Martínez-Fernández et al.41; Nijhawan et al.16; Schuurman et al.17; Sperling et al., 2018	146	0.17	−0.06, 0.40	0.14	Q = 0.78, P = 0.99; I2 = 0.00%
Verbal memory: delayed recall	Gasca-Salas et al.27; Jung et al.25; Martínez-Fernández et al.41; Nijhawan et al.16; Schuurman et al.17; Sperling et al.18	133	0.09	−0.15, 0.33	0.47	Q = 4.21, P = 0.52; I2 = 0.00%
Non-verbal memory: immediate recall	Jung et al.25; Nijhawan et al.16; Schuurman et al.41; Sperling et al.18	98	0.12	−0.15, 0.40	0.40	Q = 1.52, P = 0.68; I2 = 0.00%
Non-verbal memory: delayed recall	Jung et al.25; Schuurman et al.41; Sperling et al.18	72	0.15	−0.18, 0.47	0.38	Q = 0.67, P = 0.71; I2 = 0.00%
Visuospatial processing	Fukuda et al.26; Gasca-Salas et al.27; Jung et al.25; Schuurman et al.41	88	0.00	−0.29, 0.30	0.99	Q = 0.83, P = 0.84; I2 = 0.00%

^* P < 0.05. n = sample size, SMD = standardized mean difference, CI = confidence interval.