Fig 3. Boxplots of relative expression of reproduction-related genes ecdysone receptor (ecr), eggshell organizing factor (eof) and vitellogenin receptor (vgr) in female (A) pupae and (B) young adults (1 ± 0.5 days post-emergence).

These three genes were normalized to reference gene RPS17. Values with the same letter are not significantly different based on Tukey’s HSD tests (S5 Table). Results are based on two consistent real-time PCR replicates of ten individual females from each group.