Table 2. Results of quantile regression analysis for WHZ score for under-5 Bangladeshi children.
| Characteristics | Labels | Q10 | Q20 | Q25 | Q50 | Q75 | Q90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | ||
| Child’s sex | Male (Ref.) | ||||||
| Female | 0.07* (-0.016,0.156) | 0.099** (0.026,0.172) | 0.074* (0.001,0.146) | 0.037* (-0.011,0.085) | 0.022 (-0.052,0.095) | 0.046 (-0.068,0.16) | |
| Age of the child | < = 6 months (Ref.) | ||||||
| 7–12 months | -0.062 (-0.376,0.251) | -0.289* (-0.645,0.068) | -0.251* (-0.596,0.095) | -0.272** (-0.486,-0.059) | -0.101* (-0.308,0.107) | 0.234* (-0.155,0.623) | |
| 13–24 months | -0.506*** (-0.844,-0.168) | -0.71*** (-1.006,-0.414) | -0.701*** (-0.992,-0.41) | -0.733*** (-0.917,-0.549) | -0.51*** (-0.741,-0.279) | -0.177* (-0.5,0.146) | |
| 25–36 months | -0.44** (-0.767,-0.113) | -0.699*** (-1.013,-0.385) | -0.706*** (-1.009,-0.404) | -0.807*** (-1.008,-0.606) | -0.708*** (-0.924,-0.492) | -0.492** (-0.878,-0.105) | |
| 37–48 months | 0.35* (0.025,0.676) | 0.14 (-0.246,0.527) | 0.306* (-0.073,0.685) | 0.226* (-0.032,0.484) | 0.231* (-0.047,0.508) | 0.2* (-0.235,0.636) | |
| 49–59 months | -0.35* (-0.833,0.132) | -0.14* (-0.551,0.27) | -0.306** (-0.565,-0.047) | -0.226* (-0.437,-0.015) | -0.231** (-0.448,-0.014) | -0.2** (-0.474,0.074) | |
| Birth order | 1st (Ref.) | ||||||
| 2nd-3rd | -0.007 (-0.105,0.092) | 0.032* (-0.035,0.099) | -0.02 (-0.083,0.042) | -0.075* (-0.158,0.007) | -0.111** (-0.196,-0.026) | -0.152* (-0.334,0.029) | |
| 4th and higher | 0.037* (-0.174,0.248) | 0.046 (-0.099,0.192) | -0.041 (-0.175,0.093) | -0.145** (-0.265,-0.026) | -0.226** (-0.378,-0.074) | -0.244** (-0.475,-0.012) | |
| Duration of breastfeeding | Never breastfeed (Ref.) | ||||||
| < = 12 months | -0.027 (-0.956,0.903) | 0.031 (-0.877,0.939) | -0.001 (-0.895,0.893) | 0.135 (-0.816,1.085) | -0.178 (-1.509,1.101) | 0.081 (-98.846,99.008) | |
| 13 or more | -0.103 (-1.06,0.854) | 0.03* (-0.87,0.931) | -0.036* (-0.855,0.783) | -0.162* (-1.18,0.857) | -0.414* (-1.673,0.797) | -0.457* (-99.429,98.514) | |
| Still breastfeeding | -0.234* (-1.182,0.715) | -0.084 (-0.997,0.829) | -0.101 (-0.931,0.729) | -0.097 (-1.109,0.915) | -0.281 (-1.494,0.933) | -0.272 (-99.191,98.646) | |
| Religion | Muslim (Ref.) | ||||||
| Non-Muslim | 0.011 (-0.121,0.144) | 0.052 (-0.099,0.202) | 0.049 (-0.095,0.193) | -0.01 (-0.146,0.127) | -0.055 (-0.236,0.126) | -0.092 (-0.299,0.115) | |
| Mother’s age | Up to 18 years (Ref.) | ||||||
| 19–24 | 0.193* (-0.039,0.425) | 0.086** (-0.036,0.208) | 0.067* (-0.054,0.189) | 0.02 (-0.069,0.109) | 0.036 (-0.187,0.259) | 0.008 (-0.242,0.258) | |
| 25–34 | 0.142* (-0.07,0.354) | -0.012 (-0.128,0.104) | -0.018 (-0.146,0.111) | 0.029* (-0.089,0.146) | 0.035* (-0.211,0.28) | -0.026* (-0.323,0.27) | |
| 35+ | 0.09 (-0.273,0.453) | -0.117* (-0.36,0.126) | -0.06* (-0.273,0.153) | -0.031* (-0.205,0.142) | -0.069** (-0.342,0.205) | 0.254** (-0.315,0.823) | |
| Mother’s Education level | No Education (Ref.) | ||||||
| Primary | -0.054* (-0.259,0.151) | 0.004 (-0.221,0.228) | 0.03 (-0.195,0.256) | 0.051 (-0.13,0.232) | 0.098* (-0.075,0.272) | 0.272*** (-0.044,0.589) | |
| Secondary and above | -0.006 (-0.192,0.18) | 0.04* (-0.156,0.237) | 0.069* (-0.132,0.269) | 0.118** (-0.027,0.264) | 0.064* (-0.106,0.234) | 0.262** (-0.026,0.55) | |
| Mother’s BMI | Underweight (<18.5) (Ref.) | ||||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 0.206*** (0.052,0.36) | 0.305*** (0.186,0.425) | 0.309*** (0.191,0.426) | 0.292*** (0.194,0.391) | 0.33*** (0.197,0.463) | 0.398*** (0.187,0.609) | |
| Overweight (> = 25) | 0.327*** (0.18,0.473) | 0.417*** (0.304,0.53) | 0.425*** (0.307,0.542) | 0.386*** (0.267,0.504) | 0.596*** (0.439,0.754) | 0.612*** (0.331,0.893) | |
| Father’s Education level | No Education (Ref.) | ||||||
| Primary | 0.083 (-0.09,0.257) | -0.005 (-0.148,0.139) | -0.027 (-0.147,0.093) | -0.047 (-0.144,0.049) | -0.002 (-0.12,0.117) | -0.058 (-0.306,0.189) | |
| Secondary and above | 0.087* (-0.048,0.223) | 0.059* (-0.078,0.195) | 0.033 (-0.117,0.184) | -0.003 (-0.118,0.112) | 0.047* (-0.095,0.189) | 0.02 (-0.162,0.203) | |
| Type of place of residence | Rural (Ref.) | ||||||
| Urban | -0.077* (-0.172,0.018) | -0.018 (-0.123,0.086) | 0.012 (-0.093,0.116) | 0.049* (-0.035,0.133) | 0.083** (-0.057,0.224) | 0.01 (-0.155,0.175) | |
| Place of delivery | With Health Facility (Ref.) | ||||||
| Respondent’s Home | -0.003 (-0.099,0.094) | -0.001 (-0.127,0.124) | 0.008 (-0.108,0.125) | -0.004 (-0.086,0.078) | -0.08* (-0.174,0.014) | -0.061* (-0.211,0.089) | |
| Number of ANC visits | None (Ref.) | ||||||
| 1–3 | -0.111** (-0.225,0.003) | -0.032* (-0.159,0.094) | -0.047 (-0.175,0.081) | -0.04 (-0.166,0.087) | -0.095* (-0.244,0.055) | -0.21** (-0.398,-0.021) | |
| 4–7 | -0.127* (-0.293,0.04) | -0.016 (-0.14,0.108) | -0.048* (-0.173,0.077) | -0.033* (-0.148,0.083) | -0.099* (-0.252,0.054) | -0.208** (-0.419,0.003) | |
| 8 or more | -0.093 (-0.325,0.14) | 0.024* (-0.212,0.259) | 0.011* (-0.176,0.197) | -0.053* (-0.291,0.185) | -0.029 (-0.267,0.21) | 0.023 (-0.384,0.43) | |
| Had diarrhea recently | No (Ref.) | ||||||
| Yes | -0.027 (-0.151,0.097) | -0.06 (-0.219,0.099) | -0.016 (-0.165,0.134) | 0.012 (-0.118,0.142) | -0.055 (-0.246,0.135) | -0.035 (-0.225,0.155) | |
| Had fever in last two weeks | No (Ref.) | ||||||
| Yes | -0.226*** (-0.304,-0.147) | -0.207*** (-0.27,-0.144) | -0.209*** (-0.261,-0.156) | -0.212*** (-0.295,-0.129) | -0.21** (-0.349,-0.071) | -0.134** (-0.322,0.053) | |
| Had cough in last two weeks | No (Ref.) | ||||||
| Yes | -0.019 (-0.103,0.065) | 0.041 (-0.053,0.135) | 0.04* (-0.032,0.112) | 0.057* (-0.021,0.135) | 0.112* (-0.027,0.251) | 0.073 (-0.157,0.303) | |
| Received BCG | No (Ref.) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.027 (-0.169,0.224) | -0.091* (-0.253,0.07) | -0.062 (-0.263,0.138) | -0.138* (-0.333,0.056) | -0.273** (-0.504,-0.041) | -0.653** (-1.235,-0.07) | |
| Received Vitamin A | No (Ref.) | ||||||
| Yes | -0.155** (-0.292,-0.018) | -0.094** (-0.172,-0.016) | -0.107** (-0.191,-0.024) | -0.168*** (-0.284,-0.053) | -0.29*** (-0.397,-0.183) | -0.353*** (-0.523,-0.184) | |
| Wealth index | Poorest (Ref.) | ||||||
| Poorer | 0.132* (-0.008,0.272) | 0.073* (-0.054,0.201) | 0.048 (-0.081,0.176) | -0.067** (-0.181,0.047) | -0.055* (-0.194,0.084) | -0.041* (-0.194,0.113) | |
| Middle | 0.146* (-0.006,0.297) | 0.08* (-0.069,0.23) | 0.1** (-0.055,0.255) | 0.059* (-0.072,0.191) | -0.01 (-0.114,0.094) | 0.024 (-0.162,0.209) | |
| Richer | 0.111* (-0.096,0.319) | 0.038 (-0.08,0.157) | 0.065** (-0.043,0.172) | 0.066** (-0.066,0.197) | 0.029** (-0.112,0.169) | 0.16** (-0.055,0.375) | |
| Richest | 0.163** (0.009,0.317) | 0.036* (-0.097,0.168) | 0.021* (-0.133,0.174) | 0.027* (-0.137,0.191) | 0.09** (-0.164,0.344) | 0.157** (-0.11,0.425) | |
Notes: Ref.: Reference category;
*** refers p-value <0.001,
** refers p-value <0.05 and
* refers p-value <0.1.