Table 1.
Baseline Patient and Hospital Characteristics for CA Stratified by Sex, 2010–2015
| All | PEA/Asystole | VT/VF | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics (%) | Men | Women | Men | Women | P value | Men | Women | P value |
| No. of admissions (%) | 464 439 (55.6) | 371 455 (44.4) | 336 249 (52.9) | 299 586 (47.1) | <0.001 | 128 191 (64.1) | 71 869 (35.9) | <0.001 |
| VT/VF | 128 191 (27.6) | 71 869 (19.3) | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| STEMI | 55 602 (12.0) | 31 062 (8.4) | 23 723 (7.1) | 18 195 (6.1) | <0.001 | 31 878 (24.9) | 12 867 (17.9) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 17 341 (3.7) | 16 742 (4.5) | 14 147 (4.2) | 14 254 (4.8) | <0.001 | 3193 (2.5) | 2488 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (SE), y | 66.5 (55.4–77.4) | 70 (57.5–81.1) | 67.2 (55.6–78.3) | 70.9 (58.2–81.8) | <0.001 | 64.9 (55.0–74.9) | 66.6 (55.0–77.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 271 321 (58.4) | 227 674 (61.3) | 194 523 (57.9) | 183 645 (61.3) | <0.001 | 76 797 (59.9) | 44 030 (61.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 154 251 (33.2) | 127 055 (34.2) | 113 085 (33.6) | 102 911 (34.4) | <0.001 | 41 166 (32.1) | 24 144 (33.6) | <0.001 |
| Known CAD | 184 988 (39.8) | 106 605 (28.7) | 111 994 (33.3) | 77 410 (25.8) | <0.001 | 72 994 (56.9) | 29 195 (40.6) | <0.001 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 39 118 (8.4) | 21 648 (5.8) | 24 080 (7.2) | 16 215 (5.4) | <0.001 | 15 038 (11.7) | 5433 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Previous PCI | 33 642 (7.2) | 17 339 (4.7) | 20 756 (6.2) | 12 758 (4.3) | <0.001 | 12 886 (10.1) | 4581 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Previous CABG | 41 636 (9.0) | 16 114 (4.3) | 28 373 (8.4) | 12 598 (4.2) | <0.001 | 13 264 (10.3) | 3516 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| History of CHF | 164 806 (35.5) | 132 243 (35.6) | 108 647 (32.3) | 101 168 (33.8) | <0.001 | 56 159 (43.8) | 31 075 (43.2) | 0.168 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 27 994 (6.0) | 31 465 (8.5) | 19 714 (5.9) | 24 957 (8.3) | <0.001 | 8280 (6.5) | 6509 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 103 101 (22.2) | 77 441 (20.8) | 78 457 (23.3) | 64 221 (21.4) | <0.001 | 24 644 (19.2) | 13 220 (18.4) | 0.010 |
| CKD | 102 910 (22.2) | 73 157 (19.7) | 75 964 (22.6) | 60 181 (20.1) | <0.001 | 26 947 (21.0) | 12 976 (18.1) | <0.001 |
| CKD on hemodialysis | 45 586 (9.8) | 37 176 (10.0) | 34 402 (10.2) | 29 671 (9.9) | 0.012 | 11 184 (8.7) | 7504 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Anemia | 116 139 (25.0) | 106 846 (28.8) | 88 216 (26.2) | 87 003 (29.0) | <0.001 | 27 923 (21.8) | 19 844 (27.6) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 124 583 (26.8) | 94 970 (25.6) | 87 082 (25.9) | 74 782 (25.0) | <0.001 | 37 501 (29.3) | 20 188 (28.1) | 0.003 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 27 507 (5.9) | 30 117 (8.1) | 22 218 (6.6) | 25 526 (8.5) | <0.001 | 5289 (4.1) | 4591 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease | 25 776 (5.5) | 25 997 (7.0) | 19 670 (5.9) | 21 238 (7.1) | <0.001 | 6105 (4.8) | 4758 (6.6) | <0.001 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity scores >4 | 257 532 (55.5) | 220 232 (59.3) | 190 514 (56.7) | 178 260 (59.5) | <0.001 | 67 017 (52.3) | 41 973 (58.4) | <0.001 |
| Procedures performed | ||||||||
| Coronary angiography | 87 406 (18.8) | 46 616 (12.5) | 33 585 (10.0) | 23 376 (7.8) | <0.001 | 53 821 (42.0) | 23 240 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| PCI | 44 595 (9.6) | 20 074 (5.4) | 14 556 (4.3) | 9095 (3.0) | <0.001 | 30 039 (23.4) | 10 979 (15.3) | <0.001 |
| IABP | 21 408 (4.6) | 9637 (2.6) | 8480 (2.5) | 4814 (1.6) | <0.001 | 12 927 (10.1) | 4823 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| pLVAD | 2531 (0.5) | 999 (0.3) | 953 (0.3) | 458 (0.2) | <0.001 | 1578 (1.2) | 541 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| ECMO | 2025 (0.4) | 1003 (0.3) | 1061 (0.3) | 634 (0.2) | <0.001 | 964 (0.8) | 370 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| TTM | 15 564 (3.4) | 9147 (2.5) | 7636 (2.3) | 5594 (1.9) | <0.001 | 7927 (6.2) | 3553 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 316 574 (68.2) | 249 442 (67.2) | 228 475 (67.9) | 198 467 (66.2) | <0.001 | 88 099 (68.7) | 50 975 (70.9) | <0.001 |
| Hemodialysis | 51 206 (11.0) | 37 964 (10.2) | 38 487 (11.4) | 30 457 (10.2) | <0.001 | 12 719 (9.9) | 7507 (10.4) | 0.037 |
CA indicates cardiac arrest; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; pLVAD, percutaneous left ventricular assist device; STEMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction; TTM, targeted temperature management; and VT/VF, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation.