Appendix 3—figure 18. The non-Lande case: As predicted by the linear approximation, the long-term relative contribution to the change in mean phenotype coming from standing variation scales with $\mathrm{\Lambda }/V_A(0)$ .

Both the linear and nonlinear approximations predict the long-term relative contribution to the change in mean phenotype fairly well. However, when polygenicity is low and the shift is large, the nonlinear approximation overestimates the proportion of the change in mean due to large effect alleles (see the red box in A). The simulation results were generated using the single allele simulation, as described in Section 2.1; errors are often not visible because they are smaller than the points. The analytic predictions were based on the linear non-Lande (Equation A3-72 or Equation 25 in the main text) and nonlinear non-Lande (Equations A3-86–A3-89) approximations.