Table 1.

Summary of interventions based on type of patient involvement.

Type of Intervention	Paper	Summary of Intervention
Direct	Chandrasekar18	Storytelling workshop: medical students interviewed patient families and created a video of the family’s experience
	Cumberland21	Medical students were paired with patients with Parkinson’s disease.
	Morhardt30	Buddy program: pairing medical students with a patient diagnosed with Dementia with monthly program meetings
	Shuja23	Home visits: medical students visiting patients with various disabilities within their home environment
	Player24	Patients, who were homeless and had tri-morbidity (physical health, mental health, and substance abuse), shared their narratives with medical students as part of the “humanising medicine” lecture.
	Hennrikus29	Patient spoke to medical students about their medical experience and medical students wrote about their reflections.
	Hendriksz28	Medical students participated in sessions where patients shared their medical experiences.
	Chretien27	Medical students took part in a narrative medicine curriculum that involved an introduction session, a patient storytelling activity, and a group reflection session.
	Luchetti19	Medical students took part in the “Geriatrics and Gerontology” course that involved in person activities and didactic classes.
	Bramstedt22	A small number of medical students interviewed patients, while the rest of the medical students observed the telemedicine session.
Direct and Indirect	Shapiro31	Medical students took part in the Human Kindness curriculum that included both lectures and patient interactions.
Indirect	Kieran Sweeney, Paul Baker20	Medical students watched videos of patients sharing their experiences on navigating the healthcare system and interacting with the healthcare team.
	Chen26	Medical students played an interactive video game called “That Dragon, Cancer” in which the players take the roles of the parents of a terminally ill child.
	Singh25	Medical students took part in simulations that involved case discussions and videos of patients who had hospital acquired infections.