Fig. 1. Gut-derived NPF regulates sugar intake and metabolism in mated females.
a, Sugar feeding in mated females with RNAi-mediated knockdown of hormones and transporters in the EECs of the midgut. b, Total time feeding using FLIC; n = 16 EEC>, n = 9 EEC > NPFiKK. c,d, Consumption (c) of sugar+yeast food (9% sugar and 8% yeast) determined by dye assay, and of 10% sugar (d) measured by CAFÉ assay; c, n = 8 EEC> and EEC>NPFish; d, n = 8 EEC>, n = 9 EEC>NPFiKK. e, Conditional NPF knockdown with EEC> affects the EECs but not the CNS (brain and VNC); n = 6 biological replicates from tissues pooled from six animals for each condition. f,g, NPF immunostaining of CNS and midgut, quantified in g; n = 7 CNS, n = 6 midguts. Scale bars, 50 μm. h, Quantification of images represented in Extended Data Fig. 1i, immunostaining of NPF knockdown using the NPF> driver with pan-neuronal GAL80 (R57C10-GAL80; NPF>– together, NPFgut>) of midgut EECs and CNS; n = 7 tissues each. i, Intake measured by dye-consumption and CAFÉ assays. Left n = 10 NPFgut>, n = 9 NPFgut>NPFiTRiP; right n = 14 NPFgut>, n = 15 NPFgut>NPFiTRiP. j,k, Consumption and glycaemic levels after injection of NPF peptide into the haemolymph. j, n = 9 each. k, n = 11 each. l, Thirty-minute food intake measured by dye assay during activation of NPF+ EECs using the heat-sensitive TrpA1 channel; n = 10 NPFgut>, n = 8 NPFgut>TrpA1, n = 9 NPFgut>TrpA1, NPFiTRiP. m, Survival under starvation. n, TAG levels; n = 8 fed EEC>, n = 10 fed EEC>NPFiKK, n = 9 starved EEC>, n = 9 starved EEC>NPFiKK. All animals were mated females. Bars represent mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant. b–d,i, Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. e,g,h,n, Two-tailed unpaired Mann–Whitney U-test. j–l, One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. m, Kaplan–Meier log-rank tests.