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. 2022 Nov 22;13:7164. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34883-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Degradation behaviors of MB under different treatments. b Degradation rates of MB under AC electric field with different frequencies or DC field in the presence of Pd-Pt nanosheets. c ESR spectra of the system with Pd-Pt nanosheets and the simple mixture of Pd and Pt nanoparticles, respectively employing DMPO as the spin-trapping agent. Theoretical calculation schematics of initial (IS), transition (TS), and final (FS) states (d) and energy profiles (e) of water dissociation reactions on the Pd(100)-Pt, Pt(111), and Pd(100) surfaces. White, red, blue, and green spheres represent H, O, Pt, and Pd atoms, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.