Figure 1.

Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio andalpha/beta diversity in different age groups of macaques

A. Composition of gut microbiota at the phylum level in the four age groups. B. Bar chart showing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio for each age group. C. Shannon index in the four age groups. D. Venn plot illustrating the overlap of gut microbial genera among different age groups. Genera detected in more than six fecal samples are included. E. PCoA based on the Bray-Curtis distance matrix of all fecal samples. F. Unweighted Unifrac distance of gut microbiota between the three adult groups and the infant group. Pairwise P values are calculated using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Tukey’s post-hoc test. IF, infant; YA, young-adult; MA, middle-aged; EL, elderly; PCoA, principal coordinate analysis; PERMANOVA, permutational multivariate analysis of variance. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.