TABLE 1.
Engineered exosomes in the treatment of TNBC and other cancers.
| Specific targeting | Host cells | Recipient cells | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S100 calcium-binding protein A (or its siRNA) | Hepatocellular carcinoma cells | Lung metastases | Activating (or preventing) STAT3 phosphorylation and up-regulating OPN expression | Sun et al. (2021); Zhao et al. (2020) |
| Disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 | Human monocyte-derived macrophage cells | Triple-negative breast cancer cells | Effectively silenced the TCF-7 gene and exhibited improved anticancer effects, without adverse effects | Gong et al. (2019) |
| Loaded with anticancer agent paclitaxel (PTX) | Macrophage cells | Pulmonary and liver metastases | Pulmonary metastases therapy | Kim et al. (2018) |
| Folate (FA) plus erastin | Human fetal lung fibroblasts | Triple-negative breast cancer cells | Enhancing ferroptosis and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells | Yu et al. (2019) |
| Mesothelin (MSLN) | Engineered CAR-T cells | Triple-negative breast cancer cells | Inhibited the growth of MSLN-positive TNBC cells without obvious side effects in vivo | Yu et al. (2019); Yang et al. (2021) |
| Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) | Neutrophils from the peripheral blood of healthy donors | Human gastric cancer cells, colon cancer cells and liver cancer cells | Antitumor efficacy in xenograft tumor models | Zhang et al. (2022) |