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. 2022 Nov 22;13:7165. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-34744-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic of tranilast-loaded micelles (Tranilast/m) preparation. The micelles were self-assembled by mixing PEG-PBLG and tranilast in aqueous conditions. b Size distribution of Tranilast/m determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). c Transmission electron microscopy observation. d Time-dependent decay of plasma concentration after intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg Tranilast/m on tranilast basis. Data shown as the mean ± SD (n = 4 mice). e Tranilast uptake by 4T1-derived CAFs over time measured by HPLC. Data shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent samples). f Quantification of TGF-β expression in conditional medium secreted by CAFs isolated from 4T1 breast tumors, following incubation with free tranilast or PEG-PBLG tranilast loaded micelles at a concentration of 0.01 and 10 mg/ml for 24 h and 48 h. Data shown as the mean ± SD (n = 8 independent samples for untreated group, n = 4 independent samples for treated group). g TGF-β1 protein concentration in conditional medium secreted by CAFs isolated from patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (n = 2 independent samples). Data are presented as individual values and the mean. h mRNA expression levels of TGF-β by qPCR using GAPDH as the normalizing control (n = 3 independent samples). Data are presented as mean ± SE. Statistical analyses were performed by comparing the means of free drug and Tranilast/m samples using unpaired t test. TGF-β mRNA and protein was quantified following incubation with free tranilast or PEG-PBLG tranilast loaded micelles at a concentration of 0.01 mg/ml for 6, 24 and 48 h. Three replicates per sample were used and two independent experiments were performed. Data are presented as mean ± SE. Statistical analyses were performed by comparing means between two independent groups using the unpaired parametric Welch t test. Figure 1a was created with BioRender.com.